Wastewater treatment at the petroleum refinery, Kirikkale, Turkey using some coagulants and Turkish clays as coagulant aids

Abstract

In this study, waste water of Kirikkale Refinery (Turkey) was treated with coagulants (alum, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate and lime) and coagulant aids (polyelectrolytes: anionic, cationic, nonionic) and some Turkish clays namely Samas, Canbensan, Ceylan, Hasandede and Keskin in order to see their effects in clarifying the waste water before biopurification. The results showed that local clays (Hasandede and Keskin) are as efficient as bentonites (Samas, Canbensan and Ceylan). The clarifying efficiency of clays in combination with coagulants shows almost the same results of about 90%. The effect of coagulants, FeCl3, FeSO4 and CaO, was similar to that obtained with Al-2(SO4)(3) The efficiency of polymeric materials especially cationic and anionic polymers was found to be better than that obtained with clays. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.