Aging, Body Weight, and Their Effects on Body Satisfaction and Quality of Life

Abstract

Background: Changes in body composition in advanced ages (i.e., physical, physiological, and social changes) may influence the perception of body image in the elderly population. In some studies, it is stated that negative body image is associated with the consequences of unhealthy physical and mental health status. Objectives: The purpose of the study is to examine changes in body weight, body satisfaction, and quality of life in the elderly. Methods: This descriptive analytical study was performed from July 2015 to April 2016 on individuals aged 45 years and above who lived in Kirikkale, Turkey. The participants were divided into four age groups of 45 - 59 years (group 1), 60 - 69 years (group 2), 70 -79 years (group 3), and 80 years and above (group 4). Body satisfaction was evaluated using Body-Cathexis Scale (BCS), and the quality of life was evaluated using the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). Results: the highest body mass index (BMI) was found in the 60 -69 years age group (29 +/- 4.72 kg/cm(2)), whereas the lowest score was found to be in the individuals pertaining to the 80 years and above age group (26.53 +/- 4.53 kg/cm(2)). BCS total scores were 85.95 +/- 22.09 in group 1, 94.78 +/- 26.68 in group 2, 103.29 +/- 31.41 in group 3, and 107.28.35.84 in group 4. A significant difference was found between the groups in terms of quality of life and body satisfaction (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between BCS and NHP in groups 1, 2, and 3 (P < 0.05). However, there was no correlation between BCS and NHP in group 4 (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Evaluations and practices performed for body weight control in middle-aged and older adults are of importance in terms of increasing the quality of life.