Genotoxic effects and enzymatic adaptations of Basudin 60 EM in Allium cepa

Abstract

Basudin 60 EM is commonly used in agricultural areas. Genotoxic effects of Basudin 60 EM (diazinon) were evaluated in the root meristem cells of Allium cepa. The roots of the plants were treated with 600, 1200 and 1800 ppm concentrations of Basudin 60 EM. Root tips after having grown to a certain length were stained according to aceto-orcein squash procedure. Metabolic variations in response to Basudin 60 EM toxicity was measured using physiological parameters and antioxidant enzymatic activities. A significant increase in SOD activity was observed in the leaves of Allium cepa, with the majority of Basudin 60 EM treatments. With increasing concentrations of Basudin 60 EM, CAT activity increased in leaves. An increase in the concentration of Basudin 60 EM increased GSH-Px activity in leaves. Basudin 60 EM exposure significantly reduced the carotenoid as well as chlorophyll a and b pigments in all treatment groups. Chromosomal aberrations, mitosis abnormalities, mitotic index and micronucleus assay of applied pesticides on Allium cepa roots were determined. All of the concentrations of Basudin 60 EM used in the present study significantly induced abnormalities, such as C-mitosis, chromosome stickiness, breaks, bridges, laggards, and multipolar cells compared to control. Also, Basudin 60 EM significantly decreased mitotic index for all concentrations.