Jutel, MarekVan de Veen, WillemAgache, IoanaAzkur, Kursat A.Akdis, MuebeccelAkdis, Cezmi A.2020-06-252020-06-252013Jutel, M., Van de Veen, W., Agache, I., Azkur, K. A., Akdis, M., & Akdis, C. A. (2013). Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy and novel ways for vaccine development. Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology, 62(4), 425–433.1323-89301440-1592https://doi.org/10.2332/allergolint.13-RAI-0608https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12587/5409Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only available curative treatment of allergic diseases. Recent evidence provided a plausible explanation to its multiple mechanisms inducing both rapid desensitization and long-term allergen-specific immune tolerance, and suppression of allergic inflammation in the affected tissues. During SIT, peripheral tolerance is induced by the generation of allergen-specific regulatory T cells, which suppress proliferative and cytokine responses against the allergen of interest. Regulatory T cells are characterized by IL-10 and TGF-beta secretion and expression of important cell surface suppressive molecules such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed death-1 that directly or indirectly influence effector cells of allergic inflammation, such as mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. Regulatory T cells and particularly IL-10 also have an influence on B cells, suppressing IgE production and inducing the production of blocking type IgG4 antibodies. In addition, development of allergen-specific B regulatory cells that produce IL-10 and develop into IgG4 producing plasma cells represent essential players in peripheral tolerance. These findings together with the new biotechnological approaches create a platform for development of the advanced vaccines. Moreover, reliable biomarkers could be selected and validated with the intention to select the patients who will benefit most from this immune-modifying treatment. Thus, allergen-SIT could provide a complete cure for a larger number of allergic patients and novel preventive approaches need to be elaborated.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessallergy vaccinesB regulatory cellsdesensitizationimmune toleranceT regulatory cellsReview Article62442543310.2332/allergolint.13-RAI-06082-s2.0-8489002908124153333Q1WOS:000328179600004N/A