Koparal, MehtapMuluk, Nuray BayarBarsova, Gabriela Kopacheva2025-01-212025-01-212023978-303133278-4978-303133277-7https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33278-4_50https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12587/23247The earliest published description of oral infection with Candida albicans dates from 1838. François Valleix, a paediatric specialist in France noted the infection within the buccal cavity. Candidiasis (thrush) generally occurs in newborn children or those under the age of 1 year, or in older patients who are on antibiotic or corticosteroid pharmacotherapy, have multiple endocrine abnormalities or are immunodeficient. Candidiasis is a potential initial presentation of underlying HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. When observed at a late stage in HIV, it is an ominous sign. Children using corticosteroid inhalers are also at a raised risk of thrush [1]. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. All rights reserved.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessBreastfeeding; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Immunodeficient; Oral floraBook Chapter60360910.1007/978-3-031-33278-4_502-s2.0-85197148951N/A