Tandircioglu, Umit AyseKoral, UmranGuzoglu, NiluferAlan, SerdarAliefendioglu, Didem2025-01-212025-01-2120242757-6256https://doi.org/10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2024.23124https://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr/yayin/detay1283082https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12587/23917Objective: The study aimed to compare the risk factors, treatment strategies, and early outcomes of symptomatic neonatal pneumothorax (NP) between preterm and term newborns. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit between 2015 and 2022, consisting of hospitalized neonates with symptomatic NP. The cases were divided into three groups according to their gestational ages: <34(0/7 )(group 1), 34(0/7)-36(6/7) (group 2), and >= 37(0/7) weeks (group 3). Risk factors, treatment strategies, and mortality rates of the study groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis analysis. Results: Fifty-nine infants with a diagnosis of symptomatic NP were included in the study. The number of participants was as follows: 25 (42.3%) in group 1, 18 (30.5%) in group 2, and 16 (27.1%) in group 3. The need of delivery room (DR) resuscitation was significantly higher in group 1 (40%, P = .003). The surfactant administration rate was significantly higher in group 1 when compared to group 2 and group 3 (68% vs. 22% and 19%, respectively), P < .001. Similarly, the invasive mechanical ventilation percentage was significantly higher in group 1 than group 2 and group 3, P = .014. However, compared to group 3 (63%), the percentage of chest drain insertion (CDI) need was significantly higher in group 1 (96%) and group 2 (89%) (P = .014). Conclusion: Exposure to DR resuscitation and the need for surfactant are the most common risk factors for NP in preterm infants. Although oxygen and/or needle aspiration treatments are less invasive in symptomatic NP, the improvement rate without CDI is very low in preterm infants born before 34 weeks of gestational age.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessChest drain insertion; needle aspiration; newborn; premature; pneumothoraxArticle59110.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2024.231242-s2.0-8518192303538454265Q31283082WOS:001186143300019N/A