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dc.contributor.authorBayar Muluk N.
dc.contributor.authorCingi C.
dc.contributor.authorScadding G.K.
dc.contributor.authorScadding G.
dc.date.accessioned2021-01-14T18:16:15Z
dc.date.available2021-01-14T18:16:15Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.identifier.citationBayar Muluk, N., Cingi, C., Scadding, G. K., & Scadding, G. (2019). Chronic Rhinosinusitis-Could Phenotyping or Endotyping Aid Therapy?. American journal of rhinology & allergy, 33(1), 83–93.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1945-8924
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1177/1945892418807590
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12587/13052
dc.descriptionPubMed: 30353741en_US
dc.description.abstractObjectives: We reviewed the phenotyping and endotyping of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and treatment options. Methods: We searched PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and the Proquest Central Database of the Kırıkkale University Library. Results: Phenotypes are observable properties of an organism produced by the environment acting upon the genotype, that is, patients with a particular disorder are subgrouped according to common characteristics. Currently, CRS is usually phenotyped as being with (CRSwNP) or without (CRSsNP) nasal polyps. However, this is not immutable as some individuals progress from nonpolyp to polypoid CRS over time. Phenotypes of CRS are also based on inflammatory patterns, generally CRSwNP is eosinophilic, CRSsNP neutrophilic; but there is a spectrum, rather than a clear-cut division into 2 types. An endotype is a subtype of a condition defined by a distinct functional or pathobiological mechanism. Endotypes of CRS can be (1) nontype Th2, (2) moderate type Th2, and (3) severe type Th2 immune reactions, based on cytokines and mediators such as IL4, 5, 13. CRS endotyping can also include a (1) type 2 cytokine-based approach, (2) eosinophil-mediated approach, (3) immunoglobulin E-based approach, and (4) cysteinyl leukotriene-based approach. Subdivisions of CRSwNP can be made into nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease, allergic fungal sinusitis, and eosinophil pauci-granulomatous arteritis by testing. General treatment for all CRS is nasal douching. The place of surgery needs careful reconsideration. Endotype-directed therapies include glucocorticosteroids, antibiotics, aspirin, antifungals, anticytokines, and immunoglobulin replacement. The recognition of united airways and the co-occurrence of CRSwNPs and severe asthma should lead to common endotyping of both upper and lower airways in order to better direct therapy. Conclusion: Endotyping can allow for the identification of groups of patients with CRS with a high likelihood of successful treatment, such as patients with a moderate type 2 immune reaction or those with acquired immune deficiency. © The Author(s) 2018.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipWith exception of data collection, preparation of this paper including design and planning was supported by Continuous Education and Scientific Research Association. There is only scientific support.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherSAGE Publications Inc.en_US
dc.relation.isversionof10.1177/1945892418807590en_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectallergic fungal sinusitisen_US
dc.subjectasthmaen_US
dc.subjectchronic rhinosinusitisen_US
dc.subjectendotypesen_US
dc.subjecteosinophil pauci-granulomatous arteritisen_US
dc.subjectnonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory diseaseen_US
dc.subjectphenotypesen_US
dc.titleChronic Rhinosinusitis—Could Phenotyping or Endotyping Aid Therapy?en_US
dc.typereviewen_US
dc.contributor.departmentKKÜen_US
dc.identifier.volume33en_US
dc.identifier.issue1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage83en_US
dc.identifier.endpage93en_US
dc.relation.journalAmerican Journal of Rhinology and Allergyen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryDiğeren_US


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