Assessment of sapheno-femoral junction continence in patients with primary adolescent varicocoele

Abstract

Background. Although there is much evidence supporting a relationship between primary varicocoele and venous incompetence of the saphenofemoral junction in adults, there is no evidence for such a relationship during adolescence. Because of the effect of age and future occupation (standing upright for long periods) on the aetiology, pathogenesis and frequency of varicose veins of the lower extremity and incompetence of saphenofemoral junctions in adulthood, a comparison during adolescence is appropriate. Objective. On the basis of a close physiopathological and haemodynamic relationship between primary varicose veins and primary varicocoele, we decided to evaluate the competence of the saphenofemoral junctions in a selected group of adolescents affected by primary varicocoele and compare these results with age-matched healthy adolescents. Materials and methods. Twenty-five adolescents with primary varicocoele and 23 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. In all cases physical examination and colour Doppler US was used to diagnose or exclude the presence of primary varicocoele and to evaluate the continence of the saphenofemoral junction. Results. On the right side, 10 of 25 varicocoele patients and on the left side 11 of 25 varicocoele patients had incompetence of the saphenofemoral junction. For the control patients the incidence was 2/23 on the right side and 4/23 on the left side. The difference is statistically significant. Conclustions. We demonstrated high concurrence of varicocoele and valvular incompetence of the saphenofemoral junction in a particular adolescent group. We suggest clinical examination and US assessment of the saphenofemoral junctions of adolescents affected by varicocoele in order to detect the early diagnosis of venous insufficiency of the lower limbs among these patients.