Cognitive and behavioral characteristics of children with caustic ingestion

Abstract

Background/aim: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) have risk taking behavior and are more prone to sustaining injury. It is aimed to evaluate the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of children with caustic ingestion. Patients and methods: Ninety two children with a history of nonsuicidal caustic ingestion (CI, n = 46) and healthy subjects (HS, n = 46) admitted to pediatric surgery department were enrolled into the study. Patients in groups were evaluated for age, sex, number of siblings and educational status of the parents. Before filling the questionnaires, the children were undergone flexible endoscopy and treated accordingly. Conners Parents Rating Scale-revised long form (CPRS-R:L), validated for Turkish Children, was used to evaluate the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of children. Parents rate their child's behavior with a four-point Likert scale. Subscales of CPRS-R: L including cognitive problems/inattention (CG/I), hyperactivity (H), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder index (AD/HD-I), Conners' Global Index-discomfort-impulsivity (CGI-DI), DSM-IV-symptom subscale-inattention (DSMIV, SS-I), DSM-IV-symptom subscale-hyperactivity-impulsivity (DSM-IV, SS-HI), DSMIV-symptom subscale-total score (DSM-IV SS-T) were used to determine the severity of the AD/HD symptom. Demographic features and cognitive/behavioral characteristics of children with caustic ingestion were compared with healthy subjects. Results: The median age of the patients was 4 (2-14 years) in both CI and HS groups. Female male ratio was 13:33 in CI and 12:34 in HS. Sixty seven percent of patients were preschool children (younger than 5 years of age) in both CI and HS groups. There was no difference between groups for number of siblings (p > 0.05). Parents of HS group had higher educational status than parents in CI (p < 0.05). When subscale scores of CPRS-R: L compared between CI and HS groups, CI group had higher CGI-DI scores than HS (p < 0.05). Children younger than five years of age had higher scores of H, emotional instability and total CG/I in CI than HS group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Children with caustic ingestion had impulsiveness behavior when compared to healthy children. In addition to impulsivity, hyperactivity can be also assessed as a risk factor for caustic ingestion in children younger than 5 years of age. We suggest that association between AD/HD behavior and risk of sustaining injuries was also confirmed for caustic ingestion in children. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.