Effect of Initial Periodontal Therapy on Oxidative Stress Markers in Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Saliva, and Serum in Smokers and Non-Smokers With Chronic Periodontitis

Abstract

Background: The aim of this case-control study with an intervention arm is to determine the effect of initial periodontal treatment on oxidative stress biomarkers in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods: The study included 47 patients with CP (24 smokers [S+ P+] and 23 non-smokers [S-P+]) and 46 periodontally healthy individuals (23 smokers [S+ P-] and 23 non-smokers [S-P-]) for a total of 93 participants. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), serum, and saliva samples were obtained and clinical periodontal measurements were recorded at baseline and at the first and third months after periodontal therapy. 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (OHdG) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The level of 8-OHdD in GCF was found to be significantly higher in both periodontitis groups compared with both periodontally healthy groups. 8-OHdG and GSH-Px in saliva in both periodontitis groups were significantly increased compared with the S-P-group. In the S+ P+ group, 4-HNE in GCF was found to be significantly higher than in periodontally healthy participants. After initial periodontal treatment, the levels of 8-OHdG in GCF and saliva were significantly decreased in both periodontitis groups. Conclusion: Initial periodontal therapy may be helpful for diminishing oxidative stress in periodontitis.