Investigation of the calcification at the petroclival region through Multi-slice Computed Tomography of the skull base

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this paper was a retrospective investigation of calcification at the petroclival region using Multi-slice Computed Tomography (MSCT). Methods: One hundred thirty skull bases were reviewed. The images were acquired with a 64 slice CT (MSCT). At first images were taken at the axial plane; and then coronal and sagittal reconstructions of raw data were performed. Later investigations were carried out on these 3-dimensional images (3-D imaging). Petrosphenoidal ligament (PSL) (Gruber's ligament) and posterior petroclinoid ligament (PPCL) calcifications were evaluated as "none, partial or complete calcification" for the right and left sides. Results: In the right PSL, there were partial calcifications in 9.8% and complete calcifications in 2.3%. Calcification ratio was 9.8% partial and 2.9% complete in the left PSL. In the right side, there were 26.6% partial and 5.2% complete calcifications of PPCL. In the left side, there were 29.5% partial and 4.6% complete PPCL calcifications.. PPCL calcification was detected more in males compared to females in the right and left sides. In older patients, left PSL; right and left PPCL calcification were detected more. Conclusion: PPCL calcifications cannot be differentiated from PSL calcifications in MSCT slices. The distinction can be easily done in 3-D views. The presence of ossified ligaments may make surgeries in this region difficult, and special care has to be taken to avoid injuries to structures which pass under these ossified ligaments. Particularly in elderly patients, the appropriate surgical instrument for the PSL calcifications should be prepared preoperatively. If PSL is calcified, 6th cranial nerve palsy may not occur even though increased intracranial pressure syndrome is present. Whereas, in lateral trans-tentorial herniations, 3rd cranial nerve palsy occurs in earlier periods when PSL is calcified. Moreover, in sub temporal and transtentorial petrosal approaches, knowing the PSL calcification preoperatively is important to avoid damaging the 6th cranial nerve during surgery. (C) 2016 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.