Evaluation of FGF-23 and 25(OH)D-3 levels in peri-implant sulcus fluid in peri-implant health and diseases

Abstract

Background There are limited studies to date investigating vitamin D and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 in different peri-implant conditions. Purpose To evaluate the peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) FGF-23 and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D-3 (25(OH)D-3) levels in peri-implant health and diseases. Materials and Methods A total of 90 dental implant sites (peri-implant healthy group [n = 30], peri-implant mucositis group [n = 30], and peri-implantitis group [n = 30]) in 53 participants were included in the study. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), suppuration (S), modified plaque index (mPI), gingival index (GI), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), and keratinized mucosa width (KMW) were recorded as clinical parameters, and PISF samples were obtained. FGF-23 and 25(OH)D-3 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results There were no statistically significant differences in FGF-23 concentrations among the groups (P > .05). The 25(OH)D-3 concentration was significantly lower in peri-implantitis group compared with the other two groups (P < .05). The mean total amount of FGF-23 in the peri-implantitis group was significantly higher than the peri-implant healthy group whereas 25(OH)D-3 total amount was significantly lower in the peri-implantitis group than the peri-implant healthy group. The 25(OH)D-3 concentration was significantly negatively correlated with CAL, PD, mPI, S, GI, and mSBI and statistically significant relationship was found between FGF-23 total amount and these clinical parameters (P < .05). There was a negligible positive correlation between 25(OH)D-3 and FGF-23 concentrations (tau = 0.169; P = .018). Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that FGF-23 and vitamin D seems to affect peri-implant bone health, and further studies are needed to explain the association between FGF-23 and 25(OH)D-3 in peri-implant conditions.