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Öğe An inter-subsystemic approach in international relations(Center for Foreign Policy and Peace Research, Ihsan Dogramaci Peace Foundation, 2015) Özdemir, HalukThe main point of departure for this article is the incapacity of current international relations theorizing to explain both change and continuity without shifting between levels of analysis. The previous research agenda on system studies was renounced before it realized its potential. The concept of a subsystem has great potential for resolving this challenge. This article argues that the properties of the international system, including anarchy, are not constant, and show variation. To factor in this variation, first we need to identify subsystems (e.g. Geographical or functional) that diverge across issue areas and functions. Then we need to look at the interactions between subsystems, which is a neglected aspect of the literature on subsystems. This article contributes to the debate by setting out a new research agenda to study the interactions between subsystems and their effects on the general system; that is, to identify when the system is stable and when it changes. This agenda suggests a particular focus on the inconsistencies, contradictions, and challenges that lie at the intersections of different subsystems.Öğe Editörün Notu (Yazmak Üzerine)(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2012) Özdemir, Haluk[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Editörün Notu (Yazmak Üzerine)(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2011) Özdemir, Haluk[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Identity fragmentation and identity governance within the triangle of globalization, the European Union and Turkey(International Relations Council of Turkey, 2006) Özdemir, HalukThis article is based upon the assumption that the European Union has a goal of resolving certain problems pertaining to globalization that its members face, and that Turkey views the membership procedure as a solution of such problems. The awakening sub-identities and the erosion of dividing borders are causing nation-states to face a series of problems concerning sovereignty and identity, such as ontological security and identity fragmentation. To solve such problems, the nation-states compromise their single-centered and assimilationist identity management policies in favor of multi-centered identity governance. With identity governance, not only the national governments, but also the local authorities and the European Union have word on identity issues. Identity governance, despite dwindling sovereign rights, is performed successfully within the European Union, and is recommended to the Turkish government. From Turkey's side, as a solution to the problem of identity fragmentation, the membership process provides a common, unifying and shared goal for groups with different identities.Öğe The Dark Side of the Moon: An Ever-Fragmenting Discipline and Turkish IR in the Outer Periphery(Center Foreign Policy & Peace Research, 2024) Özdemir, HalukA recent debate has emerged in the literature about a need for more global International Relations (IR), one which is truly international, to be worthy of its name. This paper outlines the multi-dimensional fragmentation in IR, which has prevented the emergence of a genuinely integrated and global discipline, and created a context in which the periphery cannot make original contributions to the core. The main purpose of this paper is to point out the major obstacles for such original contributions that emanate from the periphery itself. Aside from the general core-periphery fragmentation in the discipline, the periphery is collapsing within itself. From that perspective, the core and the periphery look more integrated, while the real division is between the periphery and the outer periphery. The outer periphery, while mostly invisible to the core, has real effects in IR practice, yet its nature and problems are not looked upon or handled by the current literature. Based on this observation, and using the Turkish example, four major problems of the outer periphery that affect the periphery and curtail its potential for original contributions are identified: (1) apathy towards western IR; (2) conspiracy theorizing; (3) chronological historicism; and (4) the outer periphery's influence on the mainstream periphery. After discussing these problems, it is concluded that the periphery can make contributions to the core only after it has helped the outer periphery solve its problems, and integration within the periphery is achieved. Only then can original contributions of the periphery to a truly international IR be possible.Öğe Uluslararası İlişkilerde Güç: Çok Boyutlu Bir Değerlendirme(2008) Özdemir, HalukUluslararası ilişkilerde en açıklayıcı temel kavram olduğuna inanılan gücün anlamı çok net değildir. Oyunun kurallarına, ortama, aktörlere ve sorunsal bağlamlara göre değişken niteliği nedeniyle gücün tüm zaman, mekan ve konular için geçerli evrensel bir tanımı yapılamamıştır. Bu sorunun nedenlerini ortaya koymak amacıyla makale öncelikle kavramın tanımına ilişkin güçlükler ve ele alındığı üç farklı boyutu tartışmaktadır. Bu bağlamda başka disiplinlerde yapılan çalışmalardan yola çıkarak uluslararası ilişkilerde güç kavramının farklı teoriler tarafından nasıl ele alındığı irdelenmektedir. Uluslararası örgütlerin yaygınlaşması, küresel medyanın gelişimi ve yeni aktörlerin ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte uluslararası ilişkilerde gücün niteliği de değişmeye başlamıştır. Bu çerçevede “kaba güç/yumuşak güç” tartışmalarının hangi bağlama oturduğu ele alınmakta ve sonuç olarak gücün farklı bağlam, uygulama ve sonuçlarını birlikte değerlendiren çok boyutlu bir güç yaklaşımı önerilmektedir. İndirgemeci yaklaşımlar, kavramın tam olarak anlaşılamamasından kaynaklanan yüzeysel ve basit açıklamalar nedeniyle analitik sığlığa neden olmaktadır. Uluslararası ilişkiler hakkında sağlıklı değerlendirmeler için güç kavramının kompleks yapısı iyi anlaşılmalıdır.
