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    Comparative effectiveness of 10-week equipment-based pilates and diaphragmatic breathing exercise on heart rate variability and pulmonary function in young adult healthy women with normal BMI - a quasi-experimental study
    (Bmc, 2023) Adiguzel, Songul; Aras, Dicle; Gulu, Mehmet; Aldhahi, Monira I.; Alqahtani, Abdulfattah S.; AL-Mhanna, Sameer Badri
    BackgroundThe positive effects of Pilates and slow-controlled breathing exercises on health are examined in different studies. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of 10-week equipment-based Pilates, slow-controlled breathing exercises, and a combination of both on heart rate variability (HRV), pulmonary function, and body composition (BC) in young adult healthy women with normal BMI.MethodsForty female participants were assigned to either equipment-based Pilates group (PG), slow-controlled breathing exercise group (BG), equipment-based Pilates + breathing exercise group (PBG), and control groups (CG). Equipment-based Pilates exercise consists of training for two days a week and 50 min per day, and breathing exercises were done twice a week for 15 min a day for 8 weeks. In addition, PBG performed a 15-minute breathing exercise after each Pilates session. Pilates sessions were created with Reformer, Cadillac, Ladder Barrel, Chair Barrel, and Spine Corrector. On the other hand, breathing exercises were based on a controlled 5 s inhale and 5 s exhale cycles.ResultsBefore and after the implementation, pulmonary function, HRV, and BC parameters were measured. The body weight and BMI improved in PG and PBG, and the percent body fat decreased only in PBG (p < 0.05). Both PG and PBG noted significant changes in HRV indices SDSD, SDNN, TP, HF, and LF. However, the RMSSD was recorded higher in only PBG. Similar changes were found in pulmonary parameters. The FVC, FEV1, VC, IC, TV, MVV, and VE im-proved in PBG. PG showed increases in VC and TV. The only changes found in BG were PEF and ERV.ConclusionsThe finding highlights the ample effect of combined breathing and Pilates exercise on HRV, pulmonary function and body composition which has important implications for health promotion.
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    Comparative effectiveness of 10-week equipment-based pilates and diaphragmatic breathing exercise on heart rate variability and pulmonary function in young adult healthy women with normal BMI – a quasi-experimental study
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2023) Adıgüzel, Songül; Aras, Dicle; Gülü, Mehmet; Aldhahi, Monira I.; Alqahtani, Abdulfattah S.; AL-Mhanna, Sameer Badri
    Background: The positive effects of Pilates and slow-controlled breathing exercises on health are examined in different studies. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of 10-week equipment-based Pilates, slow-controlled breathing exercises, and a combination of both on heart rate variability (HRV), pulmonary function, and body composition (BC) in young adult healthy women with normal BMI. Methods: Forty female participants were assigned to either equipment-based Pilates group (PG), slow-controlled breathing exercise group (BG), equipment-based Pilates + breathing exercise group (PBG), and control groups (CG). Equipment-based Pilates exercise consists of training for two days a week and 50 min per day, and breathing exercises were done twice a week for 15 min a day for 8 weeks. In addition, PBG performed a 15-minute breathing exercise after each Pilates session. Pilates sessions were created with Reformer, Cadillac, Ladder Barrel, Chair Barrel, and Spine Corrector. On the other hand, breathing exercises were based on a controlled 5 s inhale and 5 s exhale cycles. Results: Before and after the implementation, pulmonary function, HRV, and BC parameters were measured. The body weight and BMI improved in PG and PBG, and the percent body fat decreased only in PBG (p < 0.05). Both PG and PBG noted significant changes in HRV indices SDSD, SDNN, TP, HF, and LF. However, the RMSSD was recorded higher in only PBG. Similar changes were found in pulmonary parameters. The FVC, FEV1, VC, IC, TV, MVV, and VE im-proved in PBG. PG showed increases in VC and TV. The only changes found in BG were PEF and ERV. Conclusions: The finding highlights the ample effect of combined breathing and Pilates exercise on HRV, pulmonary function and body composition which has important implications for health promotion. © 2023, The Author(s).
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    Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on glycemic control, blood pressure, in fl ammation, cardiorespiratory fi tness and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    (Peerj Inc, 2024) AL-Mhanna, Sameer Badri; Batrakoulis, Alexios; Ghazali, Wan Syaheedah Wan; Mohamed, Mahaneem; Aldayel, Abdulaziz; Alhussain, Maha H.; Afolabi, Hafeez Abiola
    Background: Structured aerobic or resistance training alone seems to be a bene fi cial tool for improving glucose homeostasis, chronic systemic in fl ammation, resting cardiovascular function, and mental health in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present study was to synthesize the available data on the effectiveness of combined aerobic and resistance training (CART) on glycemic control, blood pressure, in fl ammation, cardiorespiratory fi tness (CRF), and quality of life (QoL) in overweight and obese individuals with T2DM. Methods: A database search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception up to May 2023. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess eligible studies, and the GRADE method to evaluate the reliability of evidence. A random-effects model was used, and data were analyzed using standardized mean differences and 95% con fi dence intervals. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (ID: CRD42022355612). Results: A total of 21,612 studies were retrieved; 20 studies were included, and data were extracted from 1,192 participants (mean age: 57 +/- 7 years) who met the eligibility criteria. CART demonstrated signi fi cant improvements in body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, C -reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor -alpha, interleukin-6, CRF, and QoL compared to ST. These fi ndings highlight the signi fi cance of exercise interventions such as CART as essential elements within comprehensive diabetes management strategies, ultimately enhancing overall health outcomes in individuals with T2DM and overweight/ obesity.No differences were found in resting heart rate between CART and ST. An uncertain risk of bias and poor quality of evidence were found among the eligible studies. Conclusion: These outcomes show clear evidence considering the positive role of CART in inducing bene fi cial changes in various cardiometabolic and mental health -related indicators in patients with T2DM and concurrent overweight/obesity. More studies with robust methodological design are warranted to examine the dose -response relationship, training parameters con fi guration, and mechanisms behind these positive adaptations.
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    Psychophysiological Adaptations to Exercise Training in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review
    (Hindawi Ltd, 2024) AL-Mhanna, Sameer Badri; Batrakoulis, Alexios; Hofmeister, Martin; Drenowatz, Clemens; Ghazali, Wan Syaheedah Wan; Badicu, Georgian; Afolabi, Hafeez Abiola
    Introduction. Many COVID-19 patients display adverse symptoms, such as reduced physical ability, poor quality of life, and impaired pulmonary function. Therefore, this systematic review is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of physical exercise on various psychophysiological indicators among COVID-19 patients who may be at any stage of their illness (i.e., critically ill, hospitalized, postdischarge, and recovering). Methods. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 2019 to 2021. Twenty-seven studies, which assessed a total of 1525 patients, were included and analysed. Results. Overall, data revealed significant improvements in the following parameters: physical function, dyspnoea, pulmonary function, quality of life (QOL), lower limb endurance and strength, anxiety, depression, physical activity level, muscle strength, oxygen saturation, fatigue, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lymphocyte, leukocytes, and a fibrin degradation product (D-dimer). Conclusions. Physical training turns out to be an effective therapy that minimises the severity of COVID-19 in the intervention group compared to the standard treatment. Therefore, physical training could be incorporated into conventional treatment of COVID-19 patients. More randomized controlled studies with follow-up evaluations are required to evaluate the long-term advantages of physical training. Future research is essential to establish the optimal exercise intensity level and assess the musculoskeletal fitness of recovered COVID-19 patients. This trial is registered with CRD42021283087.