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    COMPREHENDING COVID-19: IMMUNOPATHOGENIC MECHANISMS OF CYTOKINE ACTION
    (2021) Akanbong, Elisha; Devrim, Alparslan Kadir; Şenol, Ali; Devrim, Tuba
    Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or cytokine storm is as a result of the excess production of pro-inflammatory cytokines which is due to the disproportionate response of the immune system which can be instigated by SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 which is caused by SARSCoV- 2 has a correlation with cytokines. SARSCoV- 2 instigates the production of IL-1 by ubiquitous macrophages and mast cells. IL-1 tends to influence the production of IL-6 and TNF-?. The progression of COVID-19 severity influences the level of certain cytokines such as IL-6. IL-6 is the cytokine chiefly responsible for the occurrence of CRS. CRS is the cause of COVID-19-related complications and the main cause of COVID-19-related deaths. Despite the data reported in the literature so far, the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and cytokines has not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present review is to examine the relationship in question. Targeting cytokines during COVID-19 treatment has the potential to increase patient survival and reduce COVID-19-related deaths. It is concluded that focusing on the mechanisms of cytokine release and the effects of released cytokines, especially examining the effects on T lymphocytes and IFN-? production in COVID-19 disease, may help reduce the lethal effects of the disease.
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    Öğe
    The therapeutic effectiveness of thyme extract in naturally infected puppies with ascariasis
    (2023) Duru, Özkan; Gökpınar, Sami; Duru, Sibel Yasa; Akanbong, Elisha; Kara, Erdal
    Objective: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of thyme extract in puppies naturally infected with ascarids. Material-Method: The study consisted of 20 puppies of different sexes, 2-4 months old, naturally infected with ascarid. There were given an oral 20% concentration of thyme extract for 3 days to puppies, and faecal egg counts were conducted on the 0th, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 7th days after the treatment was started (day 0). Also, serum urea, creatinine, AST, ALT levels were monitored on the 0th and 3rd days, together with daily clinical examination, to monitor possible toxic effects. Result: In 2 puppies (10%), the fecal egg count was highly variable at post-treatment examinations, but no reduction in egg count was observed. Egg shedding in 7 (35%) of the treated puppies was zero. It was observed that egg shedding was not completely zero in 11 of the puppies (55%). However, the egg counts decreased by 25% to 98.3%. It was also observed that the values of the measured blood biochemical values were within reference range except serum urea levels and the puppies did not show any clinical sign of toxicity during the treatment. Conclusion: It was concluded that the thyme extract did not have any toxic effect in the puppies at the concentration studied, and it could be effective in the treatment of ascariasis.