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Öğe Age-and sex-related changes in selected hematological parameters, lipid peroxidation and erythrocytes osmotic fragility of Turkish Angora cats(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2022) Kabakcı, Ruhi; Yigit, A. A.; Kara, E.; Çınar, M.; Ekici, Hüsamettin; Aluç, YaşarThis study was conducted to investigate the changes in selected hematological parameters, lipid peroxidation and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in Angora cats depending on age and gender. For this purpose, the blood samples were collected from vena saphena medialis of 9 young and 14 adult cats which were also classified as male (n=12) and female (n=11). Following hematological analysis, samples were washed with PBS by centrifugation and 10% hematocrit suspension was prepared from the erythrocytes pellet for the osmotic fragility test. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was also measured from lysed erythrocytes to determine lipid peroxidation level. Red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, and hematocrit were significantly (P<0.001) high in adults while the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were significantly (P<0.05) high in young cats. Erythrocyte MDA level was also higher statistically (P<0.05) in adult cats than in young cats. There was no significance (P>0.05) in these parameters between male and female cats. Findings of fragility tests showed that erythrocytes of young and male cats were statistically more susceptible to hypotonic NaCl solutions than those of adult and female cats, respectively (P<0.01, P<0.05). It was concluded that erythrocytes related parameters in Angora cats changed depending on age rather than gender except for stability of RBCs.Öğe An Investigation of Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Sera of Cattle Grazed in Different Locations in the Kars Province of Türkiye(Springer, 2024) Tarhane, Ayşe Kanıcı; Aluç, Yaşar; Kızıltepe, Semistan; Ekici, HüsamettinThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure of cattle to low levels of environmental pollution on trace metal metabolism. The assessment of heavy metal concentrations in blood samples is essential to evaluate the potential effects of pollutants on cattle production and to measure the uptake of pollutants by animals. For this purpose, cattle raised in villages at varying distances to the center of the Kars province were sampled for blood, and heavy metal concentrations were measured in the extracted sera. In total 150 blood samples were collected from 4-to 5-year-old cattle from 15 regions. Sera were extracted from the blood samples from the selected foci and analyzed with an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) device for essential (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn, Se, V) and non-essential (Pb, Cd and Hg, As, Al, Sn) heavy metals. Heavy metals were detected in the serum samples in the following order: Sn > Fe > Al > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > As > V > Ni > Mn > Hg. A confidence interval of 95% was used to evaluate all tests. Differences between the villages were insignificant for the Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, Se, Al, Co concentrations (p > 0.05), whereas differences between the villages were significant for the Fe, As, Ni, Mn (p < 0.05), Zn, Cr (p < 0.01), V and Sn (p < 0.001) concentrations. The results of this study show that heavy metals detected in bovine sera from the sampling area do not exceed the maximum permissible limits, suggesting limited exposure to heavy metals and no associated health risk to animals in the region.Öğe Antioxidative defense systems in two scenedesmus species exposed to copper and lead(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2023) Aluç, YaşarHeavy metals, including copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) depending on species, differentially affect algal growth and metabolism. Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obl), and Scenedesmus regularis (S. reg) are known to be affected by these environmental changes. Changes in the growth rates, level of oxidative stress markers, and antioxidants were analyzed following exposure to various concentrations of Cu (32, 44, 272, and 476 & mu;M) and Pb (6, 8.4, 12.1, and 18.1 & mu;M) for 25 days. Compared to the control groups, chlorophyll a amounts were low in the studied species. In addition, a consistent decrease in chlorophyll a level was detected depending on the applied stress doses, but it was not found to be statistically significant. Total antioxidant levels increased significantly in the dosage and concentration-dependent manners in both species when exposed only to Pb. The molecular antioxidant ratios in both species were higher, which was significant for total flavonoids. While the increase in SOD activity of the species against both metal stresses was observed at 18.1 & mu;M Pb concentration (9.5%) in S. regularis, it was detected at 476 & mu;M Cu concentration (13.2%) in S. obliquus. A similar situation was observed in GR activity at a Pb concentration of 12.1 & mu;M (40.5%) in S. regularis, while it was at 476 & mu;M Cu concentration (18.5%) in S. obliquus. Thus, the data indicate that the studied algae species exhibited similar strategies to alleviate long-term metal toxicity. This study also provided new data for Cu and Pb removal efficiency abilities of two microalgae species, where metals uptake and efficient antioxidant defense system protected species against oxidative stress induced by metals stress.Öğe Bazı mikroalglerden karotenoid ekstraksiyonu ve antioksidan aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2015) Aluç, Yaşar; Tüzün, İlhamiBu çalışmada, insan sağlığı üzerinde etkili olan karotenoidlerin, mikroalglerden elde edilme imkânları ve olası antioksidatif potansiyelleri incelenmiştir. Kırıkkale ili çevresindeki sucul ortamlardan izole edilen 3 farklı mikroalg türünün inverted mikroskop ve Scaning Elektron Mikroskop görüntüleri çekilerek teşhisleri yapılmıştır. Mikroalglerin büyüme ortamı olarak Tris-Asetat-Fosfat besiyeri (TAP), Basal Bold Medium (BBM), Sager-Granick (SG) ve BG-11 besiyerleri kullanılmış; üretim aşamasında gerekli sayım, Klorofil a, kuru ağırlık ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Scenedesmus sp. (SCN), Chlorella sp. (CHLR) ve Chlamydomonas sp. (CHLMY) türlerine ait biyomaslardan yapılan ekstraksiyon işlemini takiben, HPLC-TOF-MS cihazı kullanılarak karotenoid türevlerinin kalitatif ve kantitatif ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Bu verilere göre; All Trans Lutein, All Trans Zeaksantin, Beta Kriptosantin, All Trans Beta Karoten değerleri sırasıyla CHLR türü için; 32.85 ±1.04,1.16 ±0.12,0.4 ±0.06, 6.35 ±1.56 µg/mg'dır. CHLMY türü için; 15.60 ±3.20, 1.71 ±0.09, 0.20 ±0.03, 4.18 ±1.72 µg/mg. SCN türü için ise; 14.96 ±0.62, 0.85 ±0.13, 0.45 ±0.09, 7.16 ±1.23 µg/mg olarak bulunmuştur. Bu türler arasında toplam karoten miktarı en fazla 40.76 µg/mg olarak CHLR türü bulunmuştur. Tüm türlerde All Trans Lutein miktarı en fazla bulunmuştur. Ayrıca; bu çalışmada izole edilen 3 farklı mikroalg türünün ekstraktları DPPH ve FRAP ölçüm metodu kullanılarak antioksidan aktiviteleri değerlendirilmiştir. Türler arasında SCN' nin en yüksek antioksidan kapasiteye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Disk Difüzyon ve Minimum İnhibisyon Konsantrasyon (MİK) metotları kullanılarak antimikrobiyal aktivite tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalarda Disk Difüzyon metodunda herhangi bir aktiviteye rastlanmazken, MİK yöntemiyle türlerin hepsinde antimikrobiyal aktivite saptanmıştır. Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aerius) ve Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) bakterileri için en düşük inhibisyon konsantrasyonu 12.5 mg ile CHLMY, Escherichia coli (E coli) bakterisi için en düşük inhibisyon konsantrasyonu 25mg ile CHLMY, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) bakterisi için herhangi bir aktivite saptanmamış olup bir maya olan Candida albicans (C. albicans) mikroorganizması için ise 25 mg ile CHLMY türü en fazla aktivite göstermiştir.Öğe Carotenoid Composition and Investigation of the Antioxidant Activity of Phormidium sp.(2022) Aluç, YaşarMicroalgae metabolites are used for health, feed additives, cosmetic industries, food and biodiesel production. Phormidium species have an important position in medical studies because they contain essential components. In this study, carotenoid profile and content were analyzed using the HPLC method. Antioxidant activities for Phormidium sp. were determined using DPPH and FRAP assays. BHT and ASC were used as control samples in antioxidant assays. The method used to resolve a number of carotenoids from saponified Phormidium sp. proved acceptable separation, as evidenced by retention factor (k) values of 0.54 to 3.83 and separation factor (?) values greater than 1. Main carotenoids were dominated by the two main derivatives, all-trans form of lutein 41.35% (1.25 mg/g) and 9-or 9’-cis-?-carotene 36.43% (1.10 mg/g). Auroxanthin and cis neoxanthin were identified as epoxy-containing compounds. It is also understood that considering the DPPH assay, the extract of Phormidium sp. (IC50:127.6 mg/L) exhibited clearly low radical scavenging activity compared to the standards ASC (IC50: 0.02 mg/L) and BHT (IC50: 0.19 mg/L). In the FRAP antioxidant experiment, the mean ASC and BHT equivalent amounts were determined as 828.6 and 124.6 mg/L, respectively. Quantitatively, Phormidium sp. was predominated by cis-Lutein as a major constituent, being 41.35% (3.02 mg/g) in total carotenoids (Tc). The antioxidant capacity of Phormidium sp. that considering the DPPH and FRAP were compared to control standards were showed considerably low effects.Öğe Concentration of essential and non-essential elements and carcinogenic / non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of commercial bee pollens from Turkey(Elsevier GmbH, 2023) Sevin, Sedat; Tutun, Hidayet; Yipel, Mustafa; Aluç, Yaşar; Ekici, HüsamettinBackground: Bee pollen, known as a natural super-food with valuable nutritional ingredients, is regarded as a good indicator of ecotoxic substances, such as potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Therefore, this study aims to examine the concentrations of selected PTEs (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, Sr, V, Zn) in bee pollen purchased from online markets in Turkey and perform a health risk assessment to identify the potential risk to consumers. Methods: The quantitative analyses were conducted by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results: The mean values of essential PTEs in decreasing content order were Mg > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Se > Cr > Mo >Co = V. Regarding the results of the study, daily consumption (40 g for adult or 20 g for children) of commercial bee pollen can recompense 20–35 % of daily Cu, Mn, Se requirements for children, adults, pregnant, and breastfeeding women. The decreasing content order of non-essential elements was Al > Sn > Sr > Ba > Pb > As. Cadmium and Hg concentrations were below the detection limits in all the samples. In terms of food and public health; detection of the PTEs concentrations is necessary to assess the quality and safety of bee pollen before consumption. According to the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessments; commercial pollen consumption does not pose a health risk to either children or adults for the PTEs monitored in this study. Conclusion: We conclude that bee pollen is an ideal indicator for the monitoring of environmental pollution of PTEs and also a valuable source of essential elements. This study highlights the need to develop standards that regulate acceptable concentrations of PTEs. © 2022 Elsevier GmbHÖğe Determination of blood heavy metal concentrations and oxidant-antioxidant capacities in Angora cats at different age and gender(Ankara Univ, 2023) Kabakçı, Ruhi; Yiğit, Ayşe Arzu; Ekici, Hüsamettin; Aluç, Yaşar; Kara, ErdalThis study was conducted to investigate heavy metal concentrations and oxidative status of plasma and erythrocytes in Angora cats at different ages and gender. Sixteen young (less than 1 year old) and 14 adult (1-6 years old) cats were also grouped according to gender as male (n = 17) and female (n = 13). The separated plasma samples from cat's blood were analyzed for selected heavy metals and total oxidant and antioxidant capacities (TOC and TAC) and calculated for oxidative stress index (OSI). The erythrocyte hemolysates were also evaluated for malondialdehyde (MDA), and super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Results of the study showed that most of the measured metals were not varied statistically according to age or gender. However, adult cats had significantly (P<0.01) higher Cu and lower Fe levels compared to young cats. Plasma levels of TOC, TAC and OSI, and erythrocyte MDA concentrations in young cats were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of adults. While the SOD activity was decreased by the age, GPX activity was increased (P<0.05). However, the activity of CAT was changed by only gender, which was higher in males (P<0.01). In conclusion, metals, especially trace elements, are required for many kinds of physiological processes and the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, it can be suggested that the periodic measurement of metals and the addition of common antioxidant supplements to the diet of adult Angora cats will support weakening antioxidant mechanisms by age.Öğe Investigation of the presence of some antibiotics in Raw Goat milk collected from Ankara, Kırıkkale and Çankırı provinces(Ankara University, 2023) Mahamat, Allafouza Tidjani; Altintaş, Levent; Aluç, YaşarAntibiotics used in food producing-animals may cause residual problems in food in terms of public health. This situation can lead to serious problems in terms of human health. Raw milk is one of the foods that are likely to contain antibiotics, even in trace amounts. This study aimed to determine the residue levels of commonly used antibiotics of raw goat's milk samples offered for sale in Ankara, Çankırı and Kırıkkale. One active ingredient was selected from the five most commonly used antibiotic groups in animals and it determined the residue levels of these substances in milk. For this purpose, within one year and in two different periods, 150 raw goat milks analyzed in terms of antibiotics using HPLC method. The values for enrofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, tylosin, penicillin G and oxytetracycline were 7.9, 9.7, 11.5, 5.4 and 7.3 minutes for retention times, 1.47, 0.8; 7.51; 2.69 and 8.89 µg/L for limit of detection (LOD) and 4.47, 2.44, 22.78, 8.16 and 26.96 µg/L for limit of quantification (LOQ), respectively. No antibiotic residues were detected in the goat milk samples. It is predicted that the higher resistance of goats to diseases compared to other milk-producing animals, and therefore the lower use of antibiotics in these animals, leads to this result. The findings obtained as a result of this study are valuable in terms of public health. It is important that no antibiotic residues are found in the analyzes. © 2023, Ankara University. All rights reserved.Öğe Kırıkkale Üniversitesi kampus göletlerinde besin zinciri ilşkilerinin su kalitesi üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2008) Aluç, Yaşar; Tüzün, İlhamiBu çalışma, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi kampüs sınırları içerisinde bulunan ve birbirleriyle bağlantılı iki gölette gerçekleştirilmiştir. Göletlerde ve göletleri besleyen su kaynaklarında fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik ilişkilerin su kalitesi üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın başlangıcı itibariyle göleti besleyen su kaynaklarından birine (kaynak1) kanalizasyon atıklarının karıştığı tespit edilmiştir. Kanalizasyonun su kaynağına karışımı 17 Mayıs 2007 tarihi itibariyle engellenmiştir. Bu tarihten önce , drenaj kaynakta çok düşük olan besin tuzu (özellikle fosfor ve amonyum) miktarlarının, göletlere olan yolculuğu esnasındaki karışım nedeniyle aşırı artış gösterdiği ve bu artışın göletlerin besin tuzu seviyelerini de etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle Fosfor ve azotun yüksek seviyeleri fitoplankton üretiminin artışına sebep olmuştur. Bu dönemdeki yüksek klorofil-a konsantrasyonları, çevrimden sonra besin tuzlarındaki ani düşüşlere bağlı olarak önemli azalmalar göstermiştir. Yapılan istatistiki analizler, klorofil-a ve besin tuzlarından özellikle fosfor arasındaki pozitif ilişkiyi ortaya çıkarmıştır. Fitoplankton türleri çözünmüş haldeki fosforu kullanabildikleri için, klorofil-a ile çözünmüş reaktif fosfor arasında negatif korelasyonlar tespit edilmiştir. Çevrimden sonra ise, besin tuzu konsantrasyonlarının, azalmalara rağmen halen fitoplankton büyümesini yeteri kadar destekleyebilecek miktarlarda olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu dönemde azot fosfor oranı >10 olduğu halde syanobakter ve dinoflagellat türleri gelişmiş ve fitoplankton kompozisyonunda hakim duruma geçmiştir. Göletlerin, halen oluşumlarının başlangıcında olmaları nedeniyle, fitoplanktonlar üzerinde baskı kuracak zooplankton türlerinin henüz gelişmediği saptanmıştır. Zooplakton populasyonuna, fitoplanktonun tüketiminde büyük vücutlu Cladocera grubu türlerine göre daha az etkin olan Rotifera ve Copepoda grubuna ait türlerin hakim olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Önlem olarak gölete giren su kaynaklarının kapalı bir sistem içerisinde taşınmasını sağlamak suretiyle, besin tuzu yüklerinin drenaj kaynaktaki seviyelerine çekilmesi mümkündür. Ayrıca, gölete Daphnia sp. gibi fitoplankton üzerinde baskı kurabilecek türlerin gelişmesini, aşılamak suretiyle hızlandırmaktır. Ayrıca, göletlerde, kontrollü makrofit gelişmesini sağlayacak müdahaleler yapılması, hem makrofitlerin fitoplanktonlarla besin tuzu üzerinden rekabet etmesini hem de zooplanktona sığınak sağlaması açısından önemli görülmüştür.Öğe Stentin İn vitro bozunma hızı ve toksik bozunma ürünleri(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2022) Doğan, Mustafa; Aluç, YaşarTıbbi stentler metal veya plastik tel örgüden yapılmış tüplerdir. Anatomik bir damarı veya geçidi açık tutmak için bir vücut parçasının içi boş bir yapısına yerleştirilirler. Vücuda yerleştirilen stentler, metal iyonlarının vücuda salınmasıyla toksik etkilere neden olabileceği gibi, korozyon ürünleri oluşturarak vücuda zararlı etkilere de neden olabilir. Bu çalışmada, tıbbi amaçlı üretilen nitinol yapılı bir stent örneğinin yapay vücut sıvısında (PBS) korozyon ürünlerinin ayrışma hızı ve salınımı incelenmiştir. Vücutta herhangi bir metal ayrışırsa, insan hayatını tehlikeye atabilir ve vücutta uzun süre biriken ağır metal kalıntıları ve toksik radikal ürünler yoluyla vücuda zarar verebilir. 10993-13 standardına göre in vitro bozunma testi yapıldı ve nitinol için kısa sürelerden (bir ay) sonra metal salınım değerleri bulundu. Bu çalışmada uzun süreli vücut içi kullanımda nikel ve titanyumun vücut içindeki salınım değerleri ve olası toksik etkileri incelenmiştir. Bozulmanın neden olduğu kütle kaybı hesaplanarak, vücut içindeki ağır metal salınımı ile ilişkisi ve ağır metal kalıntılarının insan sağlığı üzerindeki olası yan etkileri değerlendirildi. Bozunmadan kaynaklanan ağır metallerin düşük metal iyon salınım değerleri ICP-OES cihazı ile belirlenmiştir. Bozulma oranları ile karşılaştırmak ve değerlendirmek için stent parçalarının yüzeyindeki fiziksel değişiklikler (çap) de ölçüldü.
