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Öğe Assessment of oxidative stress and tissue damage in Echinococcus granulosus naturally infected bovine liver(Churchill Livingstone, 2024) Anteplioğlu, Tuğçe; Yapıcı, Tilbe Su; Dincel, Gungor Cagdas; Al-Olayan, Ebtesam; Alshahrani, Mohammad Y.; El-Ashram, SaeedEchinococcus granulosus is a zoonotic parasite infects many livestock species, especially cattle, sheep, goat and buffalo, causing cystic echinococcosis. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence of the parasite and parasitic tissue damage histopathologically and to determine the role of oxidative stress in the tissue damage through the immunohistochemical detection of the oxidative damage -marker malondialdehyde (MDA) and the antioxidant response -marker superoxide dismutase (SOD). The material of the study consisted of 20 liver samples with Echinococcus cysts and 10 E.granulosus- negative healthy liver samples obtained from different cattle at various times from slaughterhouses in Kirikkale province, Turkey. Histopathologically, Echinococcus cysts of various sizes were observed along with the surrounding fibrous connective tissue. Giant cells, mononuclear cells, and eosinophilic leukocytes were found between the fibrous connective tissue and the cyst. In the parenchymal tissue distant from the cyst, inflammatory changes were observed, including vacuolation and necrosis in hepatocytes, congestion and dilation sinusoidal capillaries. Immunohistochemically, MDA immunopositivity was observed in both hepatocytes surrounding the cyst and areas distant from the cyst, while SOD immunopositivity was mainly detected in fibrous connective tissue and hepatocytes surrounding the Echinococcus cysts. A significant increase in MDA immunoreactivity was observed in E.granulosus s.l.-infected livers. Although no statistically significant change was observed in SOD immunopositivity in the liver tissues with cystic echinococcosis, regional variations were noted. Germinal layer (GL) of Echinococcus cyst showed immunopositive staining for MDA, while laminated layer (LL) exhibited immunonegative staining. To the authors' best understanding, this study represents a pioneering effort in showcasing and evaluating the immunoreactivities of MDA and SOD within the liver tissue afflicted with Echinococcus cysts. Simultaneously, the examination extends to encompass tissue damage and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. This study highlights the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) and the need for further investigation of antioxidant defense mechanisms and their regional variations.Öğe Neuroprotective role of n-acetylcysteine (NAC): countering doxorubicin neurotoxicity via TH, Nurr1, and iNOS expression(2024) Anteplioğlu, Tuğçe; Çınar, Miyase; Yaldız, Gözde; Kayabaşı, Sevgi Betül; Duru, Özkan; Kabakçı, RuhiChemotherapy is an effective treatment for cancer, but it can cause cognitive disorders broadly referred to as “chemobrain.” One of the most commonly used chemotherapeutics, doxorubicin (DOX), has been associated with the potential for brain damage and cognitive dysfunction. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been identified as a potential brain protector with antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of NAC against DOX-induced brain damage. Female Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, DOX, or NAC prophylaxis. Brain samples were collected for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses, with a particular focus on regions that are crucial for cognition and memory. The DOX group exhibited significant histopathological changes, including neuronal shrinkage, degeneration, and necrosis in the striatum, hippocampal region, and cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, with an increase in inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) immunopositivity. Administration of NAC effectively reduced iNOS immunopositivity, neuronal damage, degeneration, and necrosis in the prophylaxis group. Among the brain regions examined, the prophylaxis group demonstrated the most effective protection in the hippocampal region. Therefore, NAC has the potential to protect against or alleviate DOX-induced cognitive impairments.Öğe Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of (6)-shogaol on alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis(Istanbul Univ Press, Istanbul Univ Rectorate, 2024) Bezirci, Didem; Hendek, Meltem Karsiyaka; Özcan, Gönen; Kul, Oğuz; Anteplioğlu, Tuğçe; Olgun, EbruPurpose (6)-Shogaol is the most prevalent bioactive compound in ginger. The aim of this study was to examine both the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of (6)-shogaol in an experimental periodontitis model. Materials and Methods Thirty-five male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. In the healthy group (n=5), no intervention was undertaken. In the periodontitis group (n=10), periodontitis was induced by ligature placement for 14 days. In the prophylaxis group (n=10), periodontitis was induced with ligature placement for 14 days, and during this time, 20 mg/kg/day of (6)-shogaol was administered via oral gavage. In the therapeutic group (n=10), periodontitis was induced with ligature placement for 14 days, and following the removal of the ligature, 20 mg/kg/day of (6)-shogaol was administered via oral gavage for 14 days. Alveolar bone loss was histometrically measured, and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were immunohistochemically analyzed. Results Alveolar bone loss was significantly lower in the healthy group than in the remaining groups, as well as in the therapeutic group than in the periodontitis group (p<0.001). RANKL/OPG was significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared to the remaining groups and in the prophylaxis group compared to the therapeutic group (p<0.001). MDA was significantly lower in the healthy group than in the remaining groups (p<0.001). SOD was significantly lower in the periodontitis group than in the prophylaxis and therapeutic groups (p=0.039 and p=0.042, respectively). GP was significantly lower in the healthy group than in the prophylaxis and therapeutic groups (p=0.031 and p=0.002, respectively). Conclusion The administration of (6)-shogaol modulated the RANKL/OPG balance and antioxidant status in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis.Öğe The effectiveness of organic vegetable oils with high biocompatibility in preventing epidural fibrosis: An experimental study(Literatura Medica, 2023) Akgül, Mehmet Hüseyin; Akgün, Mehmet Yiğit; Anteplioğlu, Tuğçe; Kul, OğuzBackground and purpose - Epidural fibrosis after all spinal surgeries is an important surgical issue. Various biological and non-biological materials have been tried to inhibit epidural fibrosis, which is deemed to be the most important cause of pain after spinal surgery. Olive oil, nigella sativa oil and soybean oil employed in oral nutrition in clinics involving liquid fatty acids, palmatic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid and palmitoleic acid. The effectiveness of olive oil, nigella sativa oil and soybean oil on epidural fibrosis was researched on for the first time in laminecto- my model. Methods - Fifty adult male Wistar albino rats weighing between 300 and 400 grams were used in the research. A total of 5 groups were formed: sham (Group I) (n = 10), no application was created; Group II (n = 10) 1 cc saline; Group III (n = 10) 1 cc olive oil; Group IV (n = 10) 1 cc nigella sativa oil; Group V (n = 10); 1 cc soybean oil was applied topically to the epidural region after laminectomy. The total spine of the rats was dissected, histopathological and immunochemical measurements were conducted. Neuro-histopathological results were scored semi-quantitatively in terms of vascular modification, neuron degeneration, gliosis and bleeding criteria.Results - The lowest level of fibrosis and connective tissue proliferation was observed in the group where nigella sativa oil was used after the operation, followed by the group treated with olive oil and lastly with the group given soybean oil.Conclusion - Nigella sativa oil and olive oil are very efficient for lowering the degree of epidural fibrosis and adhesions following laminectomy and can be employed as a sim- ple, inexpensive and highly biocompatible material in clinical practice.Öğe Ultrasonographic and histopathological investigation of the effect of N-acetylcysteine on doxorubicin-induced ovarian and uterine toxicity in rats(Bmc, 2024) Ustuner, Evren; Yildirim, Ebru; Macun, Hasan Ceyhun; Ekici, Hüsamettin; Şahin, Yaşar; Güncüm, Enes; Anteplioğlu, TuğçeBackground This study aimed to investigate the mitigating effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced ovarian and uterine toxicity in rats using laboratory tests, ultrasonographic (US) imaging, and histopathology analysis. Methods Forty-eight rats were divided into six groups (n = 8) as follows: Group A (control) (0.5 mL saline administered intraperitoneally [IP]), Group B (a single 10 mg/kg dose of DOX administered IP on day 1), Group C (a single 10 mg/kg dose of DOX administered IP 24 h before sacrifice), Group D (100 mg/kg of NAC administered IP for 21 days), Group E ( a single 10 mg/kg dose of DOX administered IP on day 1 and 100 mg/kg of NAC administered IP for 21 days), and Group F (100 mg/kg of NAC administered IP for 21 days and a single 10 mg/kg dose of DOX administered IP 24 h before sacrifice). The ovaries were examined using B-mode US on days 1, 14, and 21, and the histopathological examinations of the ovaries and the uterus were undertaken after sacrifice on day 22. Results Histomorphological analyses showed that ovarian weight decreased after DOX administration in Group B but not in Group E. US revealed a transient increase in ovarian size in Group B and E, reverting to baseline levels over time, as well as a progressive increase in peritoneal fluid in Groups B and E. Group B exhibited a significant decrease in the thickness of the endometrium and myometrium and uterine cornual length, which was not observed in Group E. Histopathological examination showed that DOX caused a decline in follicular count, especially in primordial, secondary, and Graafian follicles, and resulted in follicular atresia, predominantly in Group B. Destructive degeneration/necrosis and vascular changes were most prominently seen in the corpus luteum of Groups C and B. In NAC-treated rats (Groups E and F), although germ cell damage was present, atretic follicles and vascular changes, such as hyperemia and congestion, were reduced. The anti-m & uuml;llerian hormone (AMH) level was the highest in Group F. Conclusions NAC, an antioxidant, attenuated DOX-induced gonadotoxicity in rats.
