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Öğe Can skin surface pressure under a cast reveal intracompartmental pressure?(Springer Verlag, 2000) Uslu, Murad M.; Apan, AAlthough monitoring: intracompartmental pressure (IP) under a cast is very important, it is not possible to measure it in every patient undergoing cast treatment. This study aims to answer the question of whether skin surface pressure (SSP) under a cast can reveal IP. A plaster cast was applied to a sculpted inflatable forearm model with dorsal and volar compartments. SSP under the cast was measured at five different localizations from both dorsal and volar sides of the model and compared to the corresponding IP. In the second experiment, a posterior tibial compartment syndrome model was created in both limbs of five rabbits. Correlation analysis was performed between IP and SSP under the cast. All of the SSP measurements taken from the dorsal and volar side of the sculpted forearm model correlated with IP. Mean correlation coefficient of the measurements was 0.995 (P = 0.000) (SD 0.002, range 0.992-0.999). SSP and IP correlation analysis in the posterior tibial compartment syndrome model of 10 limbs in five rabbits revealed a high correlation. The mean correlation coefficient was 0.973 (P = 0.000) (SD 0.024, range 0.916-0.997). Measuring the pressure between the skin and cast can monitor IP. SSP monitoring can help the physician, patient or parents in the follow-up of patients undergoing cast treatment.Öğe Effect of extratesticular hematoma on testicular blood flow and the histology of the testis and dartos fascia - An experimental study(Karger, 2004) Caglayan, F; Cakmak, M; Karadeniz, Y; Atasoy, P; Eroglu, E; Apan, AIntroduction: Hematoma is a common complication of inguinoscrotal surgery in childhood. We aimed to identify the possible effects of extratesticular hematoma on blood flow and the histology of testes in the early period. Also, the dartos tissue was evaluated histologically. Materials and Methods: Unilateral extratesticular hematoma was created in 12 New Zealand rabbits. Parenchyma of the testes and scrotum walls was evaluated by B-mode ultrasound and the spectrum from the intratesticular vessels was obtained by color Doppler ultrasound on days 1, 7 and 15 of the procedure. Testes and scrotal walls were removed at the end of the study for histologic evaluation. Results: There were no significant pathologic findings in the evaluation of the parenchyma and hemodynamia of the testes on days 1, 7 and 15. A well-organized but continuing hematoma was observed on day 15. Increased fibroblastic activity, dense inflammatory cells, necrotic areas and destruction of the muscular layer were observed at pathologic evaluation of the scrotum. Conclusions: Extratesticular hematoma has no effect on testicular histology and hemodynamia in the early period. Pathologic evaluation revealed fibrosis of the dartos fascia at the end of the second week. Destruction and fibrosis of this tissue may have an adverse effect on spermatogenesis by altering thermoregulation. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel.Öğe Endotracheal intubation tube with reduced dead space (M-EIT): Preliminary study on dogs(Munksgaard Int Publ Ltd, 1999) Apan, A[Abstract No tAvailable]Öğe Free radical-induced damage in experimental peripheral nerve injection injury(Thieme Medical Publ Inc, 2003) Saray, A; Apan, A; Kisa, UPeripheral nerve injury secondary to injection of therapeutic agents is well-documented. Until recently, the precise mechanism of injury has been obscure; even today, the treatment of these nerve injection injuries remains controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the development of peripheral nerve injection injury. Wistar rats were randomized into three groups. Sciatic nerve was used as the standardized nerve injection injury model. Two commonly used agents, lidocaine HCl 1 percent and phenol 5 percent, were tested for their comparative effects on the sciatic nerve. Lidocaine and phenol were injected,into the sciatic nerves of the rats in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Physiologic saline was used in the controls (Group 3). All the agents were injected intrafascicularly. The effects of nerve injection injury were assessed by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels and obtaining walking-track analyses (WTA). Nerve injection caused significant increases in TBARS levels, which were correlated with the severity of the injury. The TBARS levels were related to the severity of injury caused by the tested agents; TBARS levels in phenol-injected nerves were significantly higher than those of lidocaine-injected nerves. Patterns of alterations in TBARS levels also paralleled the changes in print-length factor. Injection of lidocaine and phenol resulted in near-normal walking tracks at 8 and 12 weeks, respectively, while saline injection caused only transient impairment in walking tracks. These findings indicate that reactive oxygen species are involved in the pathogenesis of experimental peripheral nerve injection injury. Indices of free oxygen radical damage correlate with the progression of functional alterations after nerve injection injury.Öğe Postoperative magnesium sulphate infusion reduces analgesic requirements in spinal anaesthesia(Greenwich Medical Media Ltd, 2004) Apan, A; Buyukkocak, U; Ozcan, S; Sari, E; Basar, HBackground and objectives: Magnesium sulphate infusion during general anaesthesia reduces anaesthetic consumption and analgesic requirements. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of postoperative magnesium infusion on duration of block, sedation and analgesic consumption after spinal anaesthesia. Methods: Fifty ASA I-II patients were included in the randomized double blind study. Spinal anaesthesia was performed at L3-4 or L4-5 interspace with 12.5 mg 0.5% heavy bupivacaine, using a 25G Quincke needle. Patients received a 5 mg kg(-1) bolus of magnesium sulphate followed by a 500 mg h(-1) infusion or saline in the same volumes for 24 h. Time to first pain, analgesic request, return of motor function, visual analogue pain and sedation scores were evaluated every 4 h during the 24 h postoperative period. The t- and U-tests were used for statistical analyses. Data were expressed as mean +/- SD, with P < 0.05 being considered significant. Results: Vital signs were stable during spinal anaesthesia and postoperative period. When compared to the control group, time to analgesic need was increased and total analgesic consumption was reduced in the magnesium group (meperidine consumption 60.0 +/- 73.1 mg control group, 31.8 +/- 30.7 mg magnesium group, P = 0.02). Conclusions: Magnesium sulphate infusion may be used as an adjunct for reducing analgesic consumption after spinal anaesthesia.
