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    The prevalence of Sarcocystis species in sheep slaughtered in municipality slaughterhouse in Kırıkkale
    (2007) Ozkayhan M.A.; Karaer Z.; Ilkme A.N.; Atmaca H.T.
    This study was undertaken for the determination of Sarcocysts species in sheep slaughtered in Kirikkale Municipality Slaughterhouse. For this study, oesophageal, diaphragm and intercostal muscles were collected from randomly selected 112 sheep out of 1131 sheep (814 sheep and 317 lambs) that were slaughtered from October 2005 to May 2006. The samples were examined for macro and microcyst of Sarcocysts spp. Macrocysts and microcysts were found in 58.92% of the overall samples. Microcysts were found in 47.32% and macrocysts were perceived in 20.53% of the sheep that were under examination. The distribution of the microcysts with respective to the age of the sheep was studied and it has been observed that 16.12% (5 in every 31 lambs) of the lambs under 1 year old and 59.25% (48 in every 81 sheep) of the sheep equal or older than 1 year old had possessed microcysts. Sarcocystis ovicanis (47.32%) and S. arieticanis (1.23%) were the species with the highest and lowest number of recurrences respectively. Macrocysts were observed in every sheep over one age. In addition, randomly selected oesophagi with macrocyst were examined histopathologically. Sarcocystis sporocysts were not found in dog feces.
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    Role of stellate cells in hepatic echinococcosis in cattle
    (Springer, 2019) Atmaca H.T.; Gazyagci A.N.; Terzi O.S.; Sumer T.
    Hydatid cysts formed by the metacestodes of Echinococcus granulosus. Cattle suffering from hydatid cyst shows fluid-filled structures, especially in liver. These parasite-induced cysts localized by forming fibrous capsules in the liver. Fibrogenesis is the host immune response in the liver against these parasites. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are localized perisinusoidal space also known as vitamin A-storing cells, characterize the important fibrogenic cell type. In this study, livers from 15 animals with hydatid cyst and 8 healthy animals were used. Hematoxylin and Eosin, masson trichrome staining were performed on the prepared liver sections. Microscopically, cysts were bordered eosinophilic necrotic debris blended with degenerate neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and multinucleated giant cells, which extend into the adjacent fibrous connective tissue. In Masson trichrome staining, the fibrous connective tissue was observed surrounding of hydatid cyst. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), collagen I, GFAP/collagen I, positive cells were investigated using either indirect single- or double-labeling immunohistochemical staining. The results indicated that anti-GFAP-positive staining was seen in areas including fibrous tissue just under the foreign body giant cells surrounding the cyst wall. In double immunohistochemical staining, it was observed that HSCs labeled with anti-GFAP antibody in the fibrous connective tissue also labeled anti-collagen I antibody. This study shows that HSCs may responsible for synthesis the collagen I in the development of parasitic fibrosis in cystic echinococcosis in the liver of cattle. © 2019, Indian Society for Parasitology.
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    Vaccines and vaccination
    (Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015) Atmaca H.T.
    Livestock vaccines aim to increase livestock product and improve the health and welfare of livestock animals in a cost-efficient manner and prevent disease transmission. Successful livestock vaccines have been generated for pathogens including bacterial, viral, protozoan, and multicellular pathogens. These livestock vaccines have a significant effect on animal health and products and on human health through growing safe food procurement and preventing zoonotic diseases. There are successful production of biotechnological-based animal vaccines licensed for use that include virus-like particle vaccines, gene-deleted marker vaccines, subunit vaccines, DIVA vaccines, and DNA vaccines. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015.