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Öğe Artificial Intelligence and Ethics in Dentistry: A Scoping Review(Sage Publications Inc, 2021) Morch, C. M.; Atsu, Saadet; Cai, W.; Li, X.; Madathil, S. A.; Liu, X.; Mai, V.Dentistry increasingly integrates artificial intelligence (AI) to help improve the current state of clinical dental practice. However, this revolutionary technological field raises various complex ethical challenges. The objective of this systematic scoping review is to document the current uses of AI in dentistry and the ethical concerns or challenges they imply. Three health care databases (MEDLINE [PubMed], SciVerse Scopus, and Cochrane Library) and 2 computer science databases (ArXiv, IEEE Xplore) were searched. After identifying 1,553 records, the documents were filtered, and a full-text screening was performed. In total, 178 studies were retained and analyzed by 8 researchers specialized in dentistry, AI, and ethics. The team used Covidence for data extraction and Dedoose for the identification of ethics-related information. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Among the included studies, 130 (73.0%) studies were published after 2016, and 93 (52.2%) were published in journals specialized in computer sciences. The technologies used were neural learning techniques for 75 (42.1%), traditional learning techniques for 76 (42.7%), or a combination of several technologies for 20 (11.2%). Overall, 7 countries contributed to 109 (61.2%) studies. A total of 53 different applications of AI in dentistry were identified, involving most dental specialties. The use of initial data sets for internal validation was reported in 152 (85.4%) studies. Forty-five ethical issues (related to the use AI in dentistry) were reported in 22 (12.4%) studies around 6 principles: prudence (10 times), equity (8), privacy (8), responsibility (6), democratic participation (4), and solidarity (4). The ratio of studies mentioning AI-related ethical issues has remained similar in the past years, showing that there is no increasing interest in the field of dentistry on this topic. This study confirms the growing presence of AI in dentistry and highlights a current lack of information on the ethical challenges surrounding its use. In addition, the scarcity of studies sharing their code could prevent future replications. The authors formulate recommendations to contribute to a more responsible use of AI technologies in dentistry.Öğe Effect of silica coating and silane surface treatment on the bond strength of soft denture liner to denture base material(Univ Sao Paulo Fac Odontologia Bauru, 2013) Atsu, Saadet; Keskin, YaseminObjective: This study investigated the effects of different surface treatments on the tensile bond strength of an autopolymerizing silicone denture liner to a denture base material after thermocycling. Material and Methods: Fifty rectangular heat-polymerized acrylic resin (QC-20) specimens consisting of a set of 2 acrylic blocks were used in the tensile test. Specimens were divided into 5 test groups (n=10) according to the bonding surface treatment as follows: Group A, adhesive treatment (Ufi Gel P adhesive) (control); Group S, sandblasting using 50-mu m Al2O3; Group SCSIL, silica coating using 30-mu m Al2O3 modified by silica and silanized with silane agent (CoJet System); Group SCA, silica coating and adhesive application; Group SCSILA, silica coating, silane and adhesive treatment. The 2 PMMA blocks were placed into molds and the soft lining materials (Ufi Gel P) were packed into the space and polymerized. All specimens were thermocycled (5,000 cycles) before the tensile test. Bond strength data were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA and Duncan tests. Fracture surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR) analysis were used for the chemical analysis and a profilometer was used for the roughness of the sample surfaces. Results: The highest bond strength test value was observed for Group A (1.35 +/- 0.13); the lowest value was for Group S (0.28 +/- 0.07) and Group SCSIL (0.34 +/- 0.03). Mixed and cohesive type failures were seen in Group A, SCA and SCSILA. Group S and SCSIL showed the least silicone integrations and the roughest surfaces. Conclusion: Sandblasting, silica coating and silane surface treatments of the denture base resin did not increase the bond strength of the silicone based soft liner. However, in this study, the chemical analysis and surface profilometer provided interesting insights about the bonding mechanism between the denture base resin and silicone soft liner.Öğe Effects of silica coating and silane surface conditioning on the bond strength of rebonded metal and ceramic brackets(Univ Sao Paulo Fac Odontologia Bauru, 2011) Atsu, Saadet; Catalbas, Bulent; Gelgor, Ibrahim ErhanObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tribochemical silica coating and silane surface conditioning on the bond strength of rebonded metal and ceramic brackets. Material and Methods: Twenty debonded metal and 20 debonded ceramic brackets were randomly assigned to receive one of the following surface treatments (n=10 for each group): (1) sandblasting (control); (2) tribochemical silica coating combined with silane. Brackets were rebonded to the enamel surface on the labial and lingual sides of premolars with a light-polymerized resin composite. All specimens were stored in distilled water for 1 week and then thermocycled (5,000 cycles) between 5-55 degrees C. Shear bond strength values were measured using a universal testing machine. Student's t-test was used to compare the data (alpha=0.05). Failure mode was assessed using a stereomicroscope, and the treated and non-treated bracket surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Rebonded ceramic brackets treated with silica coating followed by silanization had significantly greater bond strength values (17.7 +/- 4.4 MPa) than the sandblasting group (2.4 +/- 0.8 MPa, P<0.001). No significant difference was observed between the rebonded metal brackets treated with silica coating with silanization (15 +/- 3.9 MPa) and the sandblasted brackets (13.6 +/- 3.9 MPa). Treated rebonded ceramic specimens primarily exhibited cohesive failure in resin and adhesive failure at the enamel-adhesive interface. Conclusions: In comparison to sandblasting, silica coating with aluminum trioxide particles followed by silanization resulted in higher bond strengths of rebonded ceramic brackets.Öğe Marginal fit and fracture resistance of polyetheretherketone, zirconia, and titanium implant-supported prosthesis frameworks for a partially edentulous arch after thermomechanical aging(Mosby-Elsevier, 2024) Atsu, Saadet; Erol, UlasStatement of problem. Although polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and zirconia (Zir) have been used as implant-supported prosthesis (ISP) frameworks, the long-term effects of thermomechanical aging on the marginal fit and fracture resistance of PEEK and Zir ISP frameworks with titanium (Ti) bases for patients with a partially edentulous arch are not clear. Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the marginal fit and fracture resistance of PEEK and Zir ISP frameworks with Ti bases and Ti ISP frameworks for partially edentulous arches after aging. Material and methods. A total of 30 ISP epoxy resin casts were obtained from a typodont with 1 straight implant (Nobel Biocare) in the mandibular right canine region and 1 implant with a 30-degree distal tilt in the mandibular right first molar region. All frameworks (n=10) were fabricated on their own epoxy resin cast with multiunit abutment replicas by using a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing system (exocad-Yenadent). The PEEK and Zir frameworks were fabricated with Ti-bases. Primer (MKZ) and resin cement (DTK adhesive) were used to cement the frameworks to the Ti-bases under a static load of 10 N. After thermomechanical aging (1.2x10(6) cycles, 120 N, 5 degrees C-55 degrees C), marginal gaps between the Ti-bases and cemented frameworks and vertical and passive fits between the Ti-bases and framework and multi-unit abutments were measured by using a stereomicroscope (Euromex) at x100 magnification. Fracture resistances and types were then determined by using a universal test machine and a stereomicroscope at x40 magnification. Data were analyzed by using 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey HSD and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests (alpha=.05). Results. The marginal gaps of the PEEK and Zir frameworks were respectively 83.5 +/- 27.1 and 81.8 +/- 17.8 pm. PEEK (23.7 +/- 4.6) and Zir (32.9 +/- 8.7) had a better vertical fit (pm) than Ti (52.5 +/- 10.6) (P<.001). Zir (49.3 +/- 16.2) (P<.001) and PEEK (70.9 +/- 19.6) (P>.05) frameworks had better passive fit (pm) than Ti (91.3 +/- 24.2). Ti had the highest mean fracture resistance (N) (14800.2 +/- 3442.3) followed by Zir (7318.7 +/- 1385.1) and PEEK (3448.9 +/- 486.6) (P<.001). Fracture types were different in different groups (P<.001). Conclusions. The PEEK and Zir frameworks with Ti bases had better vertical and passive fit than the Ti frameworks. All ISP frameworks represented mean marginal fit below 92 pm and withstood physiologic occlusal forces after thermomechanical aging.
