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    Anaerobic glycolysis is the main pathway for energy generation in HI-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells
    (Derman Medical Publishing, 2010) Boyunaga H.; Keles H.; Kenar L.; Ural A.U.; Avcu F.
    Aim In physiological conditions, normal cells use mainly the glycolytic aerobic pathway to provide energy. However, most cancer cells utilize anaerobic glycolytic way for energy generation. Aim of this study was to investigate the carbohydrate metabolic pathways of HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells for energy production. Material and Methods Leukemia cells as well as normal leukocytes were incubated with radiolabelled glucose in aerobic and anaerobic conditions and glycogen consumptions and the ratios of radiolabelled glucose catabolized into CO2 or lactate, that is, the rates of aerobic or anaerobic glycolysis, were determined. Results The glycogen consumption was significantly higher in aerobic leukemia cell culture than normal leukocyte culture (p<0.01). The rate of anaerobic glycolysis was 93.8% in leukemia cells in aerobic conditions and it increased to 96.6% while utilization of glycogen increased by 7.31% in anaerobic conditions. Conclusion In conclusion, principally anaerobic glycolysis is effective for energy generation in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. This result may be important for the development of new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of promyelocytic leukemia, requiring further comprehensive studies.
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    Protein profiling of anastomosed facial nerve treated with mesenchymal stromal cells
    (Elsevier Inc., 2012) Satar B.; Hidir Y.; Serdar M.A.; Kucuktag Z.; Ural A.U.; Avcu F.; Safali M.
    Background aims. The types of proteins released from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are still unclear. Our aim was to compare apoptosis scores and the expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), myelin basic protein (MBP), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)-1,matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1A, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, TIMP-1/MMP-1A ratio, nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), neurotrophin (NT)-3, NT-4, glial cell-derived neurotropic factor (GDNF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-? and transforming growth factor (TGF)-?1 in anastomosed facial nerves that had been treated with or without MSC. Methods. In seven rats, the buccal branch of the right facial nerve was transected, anastomosed and treated with MSC (anastomosed + MSC group). The left buccal branch was anastomosed only (anastomosed-only group). The left mandibular branch served as an intact nerve group. On days 1820, the distal segments of the branches were examined in terms of expression of the mentioned proteins and apoptosis scores using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated digoxigenin-UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Results. MSC application significantly increased CNTF, PDGF-?, LIF, TGF-?1, BDNF and NT-3 expression (P < 0.05). MAG expression slightly decreased whereas NCAM-1, MMP-1A and FGF-2 slightly increased(P > 0.05). Changes in other proteins and apoptosis scores were not significant. Conclusions. These results suggest that MSC increases expression of CNTF, PDGF-?, LIF,TGF-?1, BDNF and NT-3. MAG, NCAM-1, MMP-1A and FGF-2 expressions were slightly changed in this stage of nerve regeneration. The comparison of apoptotic activity was not conclusive. Overall, it appears that MSC might have differential effects on the mentioned tissue-related proteins and trophic/growth factors. © 2012 Informa Healthcare.