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Öğe Comparative root and leaf anatomy of the Turkish Iris subgenus Scorpiris and their taxonomic and phylogenetic utility(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Celep, Aysegul; Tugay, Osman; Dural, Huseyin; Ulukus, Deniz; Bahadur, Saraj; Celep, FerhatThe genus Iris is an economically and ornamentally important genus in the family Iridaceae. Root and leaf anatomy have great potential to aid with species identification and clarify taxonomy of plant species within the family. Iris subgen. Scorpiris are a taxonomically difficult group due to morphological character variation and overlapping geographical distribution. Thus, additional morphological characters need to be articulated for correct identification and to define species boundaries in the group. Here, we studied root (nine characters) and leaf (10 characters) anatomical traits of seven species in the Iris subgen. Scorpiris in detail to evaluate their taxonomic value. Significant variation was found in the transverse section of the root (i.e. exodermis, cortex cells, endodermis, pericycle, xylem and phloem) but not in leaf anatomy. Hence, root anatomical traits can be used as additional characters for correct identification of species within the Iris subgen. Scorpiris. Box plots, principal component analyses and one-way analysis of variance were performed using quantitative characters for the studied species. Our results demonstrate that the number of exodermis layers, protoxylem and metaxylem numbers in the roots are of phylogenetic value in the studied species.Öğe Palynomorphological diversity among the Asteraceous honeybee flora: An aid to the correct taxonomic identification using multiple microscopic techniques(Wiley, 2022) Nabila; Ahmad, Mushtaq; Zafar, Muhammad; Bahadur, Saraj; Sultana, Shazia; Taj, Sehrish; Celep, FerhatThis study aimed to characterize the palynological morphology of melliferous species of family Asteraceae belonged to seven tribes which were categorized into 15 genera and were studied under light and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured, and described qualitatively. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis. The species were analyzed considering 11 quantitative pollen characteristics. The study revealed that the pollen grains are circular, triangular, angular, semi-angular, quadrangular, pentagonal and hexagonal amb, and 3-colporate or 3-colpate. The size of the pollen is variable among the species, ranged from 56.1 to 23.2 mu m. Three pollen types: oblate spheroidal (eight species), prolate spheroidal (six species), and suboblate (two species) were observed. The surface pattern of the exine varies from echinoperforate, echinate, echinate microperforate, fenestrate, echinoperforate reticulate, microreticulate, echinate perforate, tectate, and scabrate. Exine thickness was calculated minimum in Cichorium intybus (2.47 mu m) and maximum in Taraxacum campylodes (5.15 mu m). A key to studied bee floral species, based on the morphological features of pollen grains, is also provided. The palynomorphological characters here analyzed can be potentially used to correctly identify the Asteraceous honeybee floral species most commonly plants visited by honeybees in the study area.Öğe Taxonomic significance of foliar epidermal morphology in Lamiaceae from Pakistan(Wiley, 2019) Gul, Saba; Ahmad, Mushtaq; Zafar, Muhammad; Bahadur, Saraj; Celep, Ferhat; Sultana, Shazia; Ayaz, AsmaFoliar micromorphological features are useful to elucidate the taxonomy and systematics of the Lamiaceae species. Leaf epidermal morphology using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy of 22 Lamiaceae species from 15 genera have been investigated with an aim to solve its taxonomic problem in the correct identification. Various foliar micromorphological features were observed to explain their importance in resolving the correct identification of Lamiaceae taxa. Two main types of trichomes were observed; glandular trichomes (GTs) and nonglandular trichomes (NGTs). GTs were further divided into seven subtypes including the capitate, subsessile capitate, sessile capitate, sunken, barrel, peltate, and clavate. Similarly, NGTs were also divided into simple unicellular and multicellular including conical, falcate, cylindrical, dendrite, papillose, and short hook shape. Quantitative measurement includes the length and width of the trichomes, stomatal complex, epidermal cells, stomata, and trichomes index. Based on the foliar micromorphological characters, a taxonomic key was developed to delimit and correctly identify studied taxa. Further molecular, other anatomical and phylogenetic studies are recommended to strengthen the systematics of Lamiaceae.