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    Memory Difficulties of Adult Patients with Shunted Hydrocephalus: A Clinical Study
    (Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2011) Bakar, Emel Erdogan; Bakar, Bulent
    AIM: The purpose of this prospective study was to describe memory problems of adult patients with hydrocephalus. MATERIAL and METHODS: The research group consisted of healthy adults (control group) and hydrocephlic adults (hydrocephalus group). The hydrocephalus group (n: 19) had no clinical signs or symptoms of increased intracerebral pressure. The control group (n:20) was chosen from healthy adults. Both groups were evaluated by an experienced neuro-psychologist blinded to the groups. The examiner performed a battery of three different neuropsychological tests (Raven Standart Progressive Matrices, RSPM; Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, RCFT; and Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, AVLT) to all groups. RESULTS: Almost all subtest scores of the AVLT and RCFT remained significant after the RSPM scores were controlled. Almost all neuropsychological test results of the hydrocephalus group were significantly worse than control group. CONCLUSION: This prospective study showed that adult patients with hydrocephalus have serious problems in memory function which might be directly caused by the hydrocephalus.
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    Neuropsychological Assessment of Adult Patients with Shunted Hydrocephalus
    (Korean Neurosurgical Soc, 2010) Bakar, Emel Erdogan; Bakar, Bulent
    Objective : This study is planned to determine the neurocognitive difficulties of hydrocephalic adults. Methods : The research group contained healthy adults (control group, n : 15), and hydrocephalic adults (n : 15). Hydrocephalic group consisted of patients with idiopathic aquaduct stenosis and post-meningitis hydrocephalus. All patients were followed with shunted hydrocephalus and not gone to shunt revision during last two years. They were chosen from either asymptomatic or had only minor symptoms without motor and sensorineural deficit. A neuropsychological test battery (Raven Standart Progressive Matrices, Bender-Gestalt Test, Cancellation Test, Clock Drawing Test, Facial Recognition Test, Line Orientation Test, Serial Digit Learning Test, Stroop Color Word Interference Test-TBAG Form, Verbal Fluency Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Visual-Aural Digit Span Test-B) was applied to all groups. Results : Neuropsychological assessment of hydrocephalic patients demonstrated that they had poor performance on visual, semantic and working memory, visuoconstructive and frontal functions, reading, attention, motor coordination and executive function of parietal lobe which related with complex and perseverative behaviour. Eventually, these patients had significant impairment on the neurocognitive functions of their frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. On the other hand, the statistical analyses performed on demographic data showed that the aetiology of the hydrocephalus, age, sex and localization of the shunt (frontal or posterior parietal) did not affect the test results. Conclusion : This prospective study showed that adult patients with hydrocephalus have serious neuropsychological problems which might be directly caused by the hydrocephalus: and these problems may cause serious adaptive difficulties in their social, cultural, behavioral and academic life.
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    Neuropsychological evaluation of the hydrocephalic children: review of the literature
    (Cumhuriyet Univ Tip Fak Psikiyatri Anabilim Dali, 2010) Bakar, Emel Erdogan; Taner, Yasemen Isik; Bakar, Buelent
    Hydorcephalus is neurological and neurophsychological syndrom which is secondary to overloading of the cerebrospinal fluid which makes to enlarge cerebral ventricles. Therefore neurological smptoms usually could be seen together with some neuropyschological difficulties in motor, visual motor, visual perceptual, attention, verbal, and executive functions. These difficulties could negatively effect to the academical and socio-cultural skills of the patients, and will spread out their whole lifetime. So, cognitive deteriorations of these patients should be diagnosed properly; and appropriate treatment and rehabilitation programs should be applied early. Basic aim of this study is to define the cognitive difficulties of the hydrocephalic children. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2010; 11:68-75)