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Öğe Effects of Caproic and Caprylic Acids on Microbial Growth and Cytotoxicity(Medwell Online, 2008) Hismiogullari, S. E.; Elyurek, E.; Hismiogullari, A. A.; Sahin, F.; Basalan, M.; Yenice, S.In order to assess the potential use of fatty acids and their derivatives as alternatives to the regionally banned antibiotics, the bacteriocidal and cytotoxic effects of caproic (hexanoic) and caprylic (octanoic) acids were investigated. Fatty acids at various concentrations were added to media containing Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and murine fibroblast cells. At 0.5% (w/v) concentration of hexanoic acid, both S. aureus and E. coli growth occurred, however, octanoic acid was effective on inhibition of growth of both bacteria above 1% level. At the same time octanoic acid above 0.5%, hexanoic acid above 0.25% levels inhibited mammalian cell growth. Both acids decreased the medium pH linearly with increasing concentration. Further investigation is needed to prove that they may be usable for in vivo applications.Öğe Effects of Using Inulin and Grape Pomace in Broiler Diets on Performance, Carcass Yield, Intestinal Viscosity, Immunity, and Antioxidant Status(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2022) Sen, G.; Basalan, M.This study was carried out to investigate the effects of inulin and grape pomace addition to broiler diets on broiler chicken performance, carcass yield, intestinal viscosity, immunity, and antioxidant status. In the study, a total of 160 unsexed 0-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups:(1) control (CON) group, (2) 10 g/kg inu-lin (IN), (3) 50 g/kg grape pomace (GP),and(4) 10 g/ kginulin + 50 g/kg grape pomace (INGP). At the end of the 42-day experiment, 48 animals were exsanguinated to obtain blood for the analysis of immunity and antioxidant parameters. At the end of the study period, while body weight gain, carcass yield and intestinal viscosity values between the groups was not significant (P>0,05), in grape pomace-containing groups, negative effects on feed consumption and feed con-version ratios were found (P<0.05). Immunoglobuline (Ig)G levels of the animals in the INGP group were significantly lower than thosein the other groups (P<0.05). Catalase (CAT) activity increased in groups consuming diets containing grape pomace (P<0.05). While inulin administration produced an increase in beta carotene level,vitamin C and E levels were significantly increased consumption of inulin and grape pomace (P<0.05). As a result, grape pomace up to 5% and inulin up to 1% in broiler diets can be used separately as antioxidants. However, grape pomace may adversely affect FCR depending on the polyphenol level. In addition, it should be consider that they may have a negative effect on immunity when used in combination.Öğe Nutrient content and in vitro digestibility of Turkish grape pomaces(Elsevier Science Bv, 2011) Basalan, M.; Gungor, T.; Owens, F. N.; Yalcinkaya, I.During harvest of grapes for wine production in Turkey, a total of 28 fresh grape pomace samples from white and red wine grape varieties were collected from wine production facilities. Samples were classified by grape color and the pomace from red grapes was separated manually into stalk, skin plus pulp and seed fractions. Nutrient contents were determined for total samples and for fractions. Assays included dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and ash. To estimate ruminal digestion, in vitro disappearance of DM and NDF were determined using ruminal fluid collected at a local slaughterhouse. Color of grape altered (P<0.05) DM, CP, NDF and ADF content of the grape pomace. Although in vitro disappearance of DM and NDF at 48 h was similar for pomace from both white and red grapes, DM disappearance was higher at short incubation times for pomace from red grapes. Nutrient content generally differed among the fractions of pomace assayed, and in vitro disappearance of DM at 48 h was higher for skin plus pulp and for seed than for the stalk fraction of the pomace. Fresh grape pomace, particularly pomace from red grapes rich in skin and seed, should be a suitable feed for ruminants and to nonruminants with extensive cecal fermentation. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe The effect of dietary garlic (Allium sativum), black cumin (nigella sativa) and their combination on performance, intestine morphometry, serum biochemistry and antioxidant status of broiler chickens(Fundacao APINCO de Ciencia e Tecnologia Avicolas, 2020) Aydogan, I.; Yildirim, Ebru; Kurum, A.; Bolat, D.; Cinar, M.; Basalan, M.; Yigit, A.This study was conducted to examine the effects of garlic (G), black cumin (BC) and G+BC within the broiler rations, on performance, relative organ weights, intestinal morphology, serum biochemistry and plasma total oxidant/ antioxidant status. Two hundred broilers chicks (Ross 308) were used and they were divided into 4 groups consisting of 5 subgroups of 10 animals each. The trial was ended on the 35th day. No addition was made to the control group ration. 5g / kg garlic (G), 5g / kg black cumin (BC) and 5g / kg G + 5g / kg BC were added to the experimental group rations, respectively. There was no statistical difference among the trial groups in terms of BWG, FI, FCR and relative organ weights (p>0.05). Serum total protein (p<0.05) and albumin (p<0.001) levels were higher in BC and BC +G groups as compared to G and control group. Serum AST activity were lower in G group as compared to control and other experimental groups (p<0.05). On histological examinations, regarding the duodenal epithelium; there was no difference among the trial groups. Hyperemia was observed, especially in the G group, in macroscopic exams of lamina propria and other viticular areas. The lymph follicles were more wide spread in the G + BC, G and BC groups than in the control. The results of the study showed that the combination of BC and G can have beneficial effects, and different doses of G and BC may be used to see positive or negative effects. © 2020, Fundacao APINCO de Ciencia e Tecnologia Avicolas. All rights reserved.Öğe The Effect of Dietary Garlic (Allium Sativum), Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa) and Their Combination on Performance, Intestine Morphometry, Serum Biochemistry and Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens(Facta-Fundacio Arnco Ciencia Tecnologia Avicolas, 2020) Aydogan, I; Yildirim, E.; Kurum, A.; Bolat, D.; Cinar, M.; Basalan, M.; Yigit, A.This study was conducted to examine the effects of garlic (G), black cumin (BC) and G+BC within the broiler rations, on performance, relative organ weights, intestinal morphology, serum biochemistry and plasma total oxidant/ antioxidant status. Two hundred broilers chicks (Ross 308) were used and they were divided into 4 groups consisting of 5 subgroups of 10 animals each. The trial was ended on the 35th day. No addition was made to the control group ration. 5g / kg garlic (G), 5g / kg black cumin (BC) and 5g / kg G + 5g / kg BC were added to the experimental group rations, respectively. There was no statistical difference among the trial groups in terms of BWG, FI, FCR and relative organ weights (p>0.05). Serum total protein (p<0.05) and albumin (p<0.001) levels were higher in BC and BC +G groups as compared to G and control group. Serum AST activity were lower in G group as compared to control and other experimental groups (p<0.05). On histological examinations, regarding the duodenal epithelium; there was no difference among the trial groups. Hyperemia was observed, especially in the G group, in macroscopic exams of lamina propria and other viticular areas. The lymph follicles were more wide spread in the G + BC, G and BC groups than in the control. The results of the study showed that the combination of BC and G can have beneficial effects, and different doses of G and BC may be used to see positive or negative effects.
