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    Development and characterization of Al2024/magnesium oxide/CNTs/ hybrid composites via stir casting method
    (SAGE Publications Ltd, 2023) Kurt, Halil Ibrahim; Ergul, Engin; Basyigit, Aziz Baris; Oduncuoglu, Murat; Yilmaz, Necip Fazil
    In this research, the aluminum (Al2024) matrix composites are reinforced with nano magnesium oxide (MgO) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The aim of Al2024 alloy reinforced with MgO and MWCNTs is to reveal the effects of the reinforcement particle ratio on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the hybrid composites, to find the optimum hybrid ratio, and to form a stronger hybrid composite. The composites with the different hybrid ratios are produced via stir casting method. The theoretical and measured densities and porosity content of the composites are studied. The microstructure and fracture surface of the composites are examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron dispersive spectrum (EDS). The hardness, compression, and tensile properties of the composites are studied in this work. Results indicated that the hardness of the aluminum (Al) matrix composites (AMCs) is significantly improved after the reinforcement with MgO and carbon nanotube (CNT), and also heat treatment of T6. The stress–strain curve of the composites is tested by a material testing machine. The maximum tensile and compression strengths are obtained at Al2024-0.2 wt.% (MgO 50% + CNT 50%) the composite as 226 MPa and 684 MPa, respectively.The hardness, compression, and tensile strengths of the hybrid composites are higher than 1.51, 1.39, and 1.31 than that of the base metal. After heat treatment of T6, the maximum harness, compression, and tensile strengths are obtained by 102 HB, 730 MPa, and 277 MPa, respectively, which are 1.82, 1.49, and 1.61 times higher hardness than that that of the base Al2024 alloy. The main strengthening mechanism of nano-MgO particles and MWCNTs-reinforced Al2024/MgO/CNTs composites is observed by the precipitation strengthening mechanism. © IMechE 2022.
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    Development and characterization of Al2024/magnesium oxide/CNTs/hybrid composites via stir casting method
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2023) Kurt, Halil Ibrahim; Ergul, Engin; Basyigit, Aziz Baris; Oduncuoglu, Murat; Yilmaz, Necip Fazil
    In this research, the aluminum (Al2024) matrix composites are reinforced with nano magnesium oxide (MgO) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The aim of Al2024 alloy reinforced with MgO and MWCNTs is to reveal the effects of the reinforcement particle ratio on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the hybrid composites, to find the optimum hybrid ratio, and to form a stronger hybrid composite. The composites with the different hybrid ratios are produced via stir casting method. The theoretical and measured densities and porosity content of the composites are studied. The microstructure and fracture surface of the composites are examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron dispersive spectrum (EDS). The hardness, compression, and tensile properties of the composites are studied in this work. Results indicated that the hardness of the aluminum (Al) matrix composites (AMCs) is significantly improved after the reinforcement with MgO and carbon nanotube (CNT), and also heat treatment of T6. The stress-strain curve of the composites is tested by a material testing machine. The maximum tensile and compression strengths are obtained at Al2024-0.2 wt.% (MgO 50% + CNT 50%) the composite as 226 MPa and 684 MPa, respectively .The hardness, compression, and tensile strengths of the hybrid composites are higher than 1.51, 1.39, and 1.31 than that of the base metal. After heat treatment of T6, the maximum harness, compression, and tensile strengths are obtained by 102 HB, 730 MPa, and 277 MPa, respectively, which are 1.82, 1.49, and 1.61 times higher hardness than that that of the base Al2024 alloy. The main strengthening mechanism of nano-MgO particles and MWCNTs-reinforced Al2024/MgO/CNTs composites is observed by the precipitation strengthening mechanism.
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    EFFECT OF CASE DEPTHS ON CORROSION PROPERTIES OF HARD ANODIC OXIDIZED A356 ALUMINUM ALLOY
    (World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2023) Haciosmanoglu, Murat; Basyigit, Aziz Baris; Hekimoglu, Ali Pasa; Bican, Osman
    In this work, A356 alloy samples having a dimension of 4x20x20mm were coated by hard anodic oxidation method at eight different thicknesses up to similar to 80 mu m. The sample surfaces and longitudinal section of these surfaces in both coated and uncoated conditions were investigated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Microhardness of the coating layers and core regions (base metal) were determined with the microvickers hardness testing method. Corrosion properties of the coated and uncoated samples were investigated by an electrochemical corrosion test set up according to ASTM G5 standard. The test results obtained from the coated and uncoated surfaces were compared to each other. Coated surfaces exhibited fluctuant surface profile. Microcracks were formed on these surfaces. Microhardness of the coating layers increased with increasing coating layer thickness. Energy dispersed X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the surfaces showed that oxygen rate on the surfaces increased after the corrosion tests. Corrosion rate of the A356 alloy coated by hard anodic oxidation decreased with increasing coating thickness up to 40-50 mu m, but after this coating thickness, the corrosion rate increased. The results obtained from the investigations were discussed based on the characteristics of the coated surfaces.
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    Effects of filler material selection on the microstructural, mechanical and corrosion properties of TIG welded AISI/SAE 304L stainless steel sheets and rings
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2022) Akgul, Oguz; Basyigit, Aziz Baris
    Austenitic stainless steels are mainly preferred especially for resistance to aggressive oxidizing medias and high temperature applications such as equipments and mechanical parts which are used in defense and conventional industries. In this study; 3 mm thick 304L austenitic stainless steel sheets and rings are joined to each other by using Tungsten Inert Gas welding method under pure argon shielding gas with ER316L and ER2209 filler metals. Weld metals and heat-affected zones of welded joints were examined by metallurgical and scanning electron microscopes. Microhardness, tensile and Charpy impact tests of weld regions are investigated. It has been determined that the filler metals have dominantly changed the microstructure of weld metals. The microhardness values of the welded samples joined with ER2209 filler metal was lower than the sample joined with ER316L filler metal in weld metal regions. Besides, corrosion tests indicated that the corrosion rates of welded samples joined with ER2209 filler metal is lower than the samples joined with ER316L filler metal.
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    The Effects of Nitrogen Gas on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of TIG Welded S32205 Duplex Stainless Steel
    (Mdpi, 2018) Basyigit, Aziz Baris; Kurt, Adem
    Duplex stainless steels are gaining greater interest due to their increasing amounts of application fields. Accordingly, there is a need for awareness of problems associated with improper microstructural distributions such as delta-ferrite (delta-ferrite), austenite and other important intermetallic phases that may form in these steel weldments. Since delta-ferrite versus austenite ratio profoundly influences corrosion and mechanical properties, optimum delta-ferrite ratios must be kept approximately within 35-65 vol % and balance austenite to maintain satisfactory corrosion and mechanical properties on welding of these steels. Cooling rates of welds and alloying elements in base metal are the major factors that determine the final microstructure of these steels. In this work, 3 mm thickness of 2205 duplex stainless-steel plates were TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welded with various amounts of nitrogen gas added to argon shielding gas. Specimens were joined within the same welding parameters and cooling conditions. As nitrogen is a potential austenite stabilizer and an interstitial solid solution hardener, the effects of nitrogen on mechanical properties such as hardness profiles, grain sizes and microstructural modifications are investigated thoroughly by changing the welding shielding gas compositions. Increasing the nitrogen content in argon shielding gas also increases the amount of austenitic phase while delta-ferrite ratios decreases. Nitrogen spherodized the grains of austenitic structure much more than observed in delta-ferrite. The strength values of specimens that welded with the addition of nitrogen gas into the argon shielding gas are increased more in both austenitic and delta-ferritic structure as compared to specimens that welded with plain argon shielding gas. The addition of 1 vol % of nitrogen gas into argon shielding gas provided the optimum phase balance of austenite and delta-ferrite in S32205 duplex stainless-steel TIG-welded specimens.
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    The Effects of TIG Welding Rod Compositions on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar AISI 304L and 420 Stainless Steel Welds
    (Mdpi, 2018) Basyigit, Aziz Baris; Murat, Mustafa Gokhan
    The usage of AISI/SAE 304L austenitic and 420 martensitic stainless steels is receiving greater interest especially in the defence and navy industries. 304L stainless steels exhibit excellent resistance to oxidizing media, while martensitic 420 alloy provides high strength values besides satisfactory corrosion properties at ambient atmospheres. In this work; 420 quality martensitic stainless steel is TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welded with 304L quality low carbon austenitic stainless steel plates. As filler metal dominantly determines the weld metals chemical compositions and final microstructures, 3 different TIG welding rods of ER312, ER316L ve ER2209 are used in welding operations in order to obtain 3 discrete weld metal contents under high purity argon shielding gas. Microstructural inspection, microhardness survey and Charpy V-notch impact tests are applied to all joints after welding operations. The specimen welded by ER2209 TIG welding rod executed the highest impact test results besides exhibiting the lowest micro-hardness profiles at heat affected zones and weld metals. All of the welded specimens weld region hardness profiles were determined to be lower than unwelded 420 martensitic stainless steel base metal.
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    Investigating thermal shock and corrosion resistance of Inconel 601 super alloy after thermal barrier coating with %8 YSZ powder
    (Elsevier, 2023) Erdogan, Nida Nur; Basyigit, Aziz Baris
    Superalloys, which are categorized in three groups as iron-based, nickel-based and cobalt-based, are used especially in high temperature applications. Inconel 601 alloy, a nickel-based superalloy, is widely used in applications such as chemical processing, aerospace, power generation, heat treatment, chemical refining and gas turbine engines. Although the mechanical properties of superalloy materials and their resistance to wear, corrosion and oxidation are better than other metallurgical materials, these properties are not satisfactory in some applications. In such cases, the desired properties can be obtained by applying heat treatment and coating processes to superalloys. In this study, approximately 100, 200 and 300 & mu;m ceramic top coat thickness thermal barrier coating system with NiCrAlY and 8%YSZ powder coating materials, were created for the Inconel 601 substrate material and SEM, EDS and XRD datas are given. Then, electrochemical corrosion test with 3.5% NaCl solution and 8 cycles of thermal shock test at 1200 degrees C using FCT thermal shock method were applied to the samples. Considering the corrosion rate values and SEM images after the electrochemical corrosion test, it was determined that the sample with the highest corrosion resistance was the sample with a ceramic top coating thickness of 100 & mu;m. The reason for this is that as the coating thickness increases in thermal barrier coatings, the tension increases and accordingly, a change in pore and crack density occurs. The fact that the samples with a ceramic top coating of 100 & mu;m thickness have the highest corrosion resistance can be explained in this way. Considering that the pore and crack ratio decreases due to the sintering effect in the SEM images of the samples after the thermal shock test, but considering that the TGO layer thickness will increase at higher temperatures and longer service conditions, in regards to thermal barrier coating deformation, it was concluded that the samples with 100 and 200 & mu;m ceramic top coating thicknesses were safer in terms of thermal shock.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Investigation of the Weld Properties of Dissimilar S32205 Duplex Stainless Steel with AISI 304 Steel Joints Produced by Arc Stud Welding
    (Mdpi Ag, 2017) Basyigit, Aziz Baris; Kurt, Adem
    UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel plates with a thickness of 3 mm are arc stud welded by M8 x 40 mm AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel studs with constant stud lifts in order to investigate the effects of welding arc voltages on mechanical and microstructural behaviors of the joints. As the welding arc voltage increases starting from 140 V, the tensile strength of the weldment also increases but the higher arc values results in more spatters around the weld seam up to 180 V. Conversely, the lower arc voltages causes poor tensile strength values to weldments. Tensile tests proved that all of the samples are split from each other in the welding zone but deformation occurs in duplex plates during the tensile testing of weldments so that the elongation values are not practically notable. The satisfactory tensile strength and bending values are determined by applying 180 volts of welding arc voltage according to ISO 14555 standard. Peak values of micro hardness occurred in weld metal most probably as a consequence of increasing heat input decreasing the delta ferrite ratios. As the arc voltage increases, the width of the heat affected zone increases. Coarsening of delta-ferrite and austenite grains was observed in the weld metal peak temperature zone but it especially becomes visible closer to the duplex side in all samples. The large voids and unwelded zones up to approximately 1 mm by length are observed by macro-structure inspections. Besides visual tests and micro-structural surveys; bending and microhardness tests with radiographic inspection were applied to samples for maintaining the correct welding parameters in obtaining well-qualified weldments of these two distinct groups of stainless steel materials.
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    Mechanical and corrosion properties of TIG welded dissimilar AISI 420 and UNS S32205 stainless steel sheets
    (Elsevier, 2022) Basyigit, Aziz Baris
    Duplex (ferritic-austenitic) stainless steels such as UNS S32205 are especially preferred for their resistance to corrosive environments such as sea water, while providing mechanical properties, which are comparable to those of structural steels. These steels include phases of delta-ferrite and austenite in approximately equal amounts. These alloys are used by traditional industries mainly in water refining systems, bridges, and chemical tanks. Martensitic stainless steels such as AISI 420 are chosen for applications where especially high mechanical properties are a major requirement as well as for their adequate resistance in corrosive media. For economic and technical considerations, these two different types of alloys can be used together in various applications. In this study, 3-mm-thick sheets of UNS S32205 and AISI 420 stainless steels were joined via tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding under pure argon shielding gas using ER312 and ER2209 filler metals. Microstructural examinations of the alloys as received, the weld metals, and the heat affected zones were achieved using both metallurgical and scanning electron microscopes. The composition of the filler material changed the microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties of the weld metals. The samples joined with the ER312 and ER2209 fillers yielded weld metal microhardness values of 272 HV and 258 HV, respectively, whereas the impact energy values of the samples were detected as 15 J and 34 J, respectively. The samples joined using ER2209 and ER312 fillers exhibited weld metal corrosion rates of 0.1523 and 0.1331 mm.year(-1).
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    Wear Resistance of Aluminum Alloy A356 After Thorough Anodic Oxidation
    (Springer, 2023) Basyigit, Aziz Baris; Azakli, Zeki; Gumruk, Recep; Bican, Osman
    The efficiency of thorough anodic oxidation of ASTM A356 aluminum alloy as an alternative to painting its surface is studied. Microstructure, phase composition, and microhardness of oxidized layers of various thicknesses (45, 65, 80 and 90 mu m) are determined. Solid particle erosion tests are conducted in accordance with ASTM G76 and MIL STD 3033. It is established that with an increase in oxidized layer thickness aluminum alloy wear resistance is reduced and the surface roughness is reduced.