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    Effect of Boronizing on Operating Stability of Steel AISI 304L under Erosion Impact of Hard Particles
    (Springer, 2021) Bican, Osman; Bayca, Salih Ugur; Kuleyin, Hamdi; Gumruk, Recep
    The effect of solid boronizing at 950 degrees C for 2 and 4 h on the phase composition, microstructure, hardness and abrasive wear of steel AISI 304L is studied under the impact of a flow of hard particles. The boronized steel is shown to consist of three layers (metal boride, porous layer and matrix) from the external surface to the center. The hardness of the boride is much higher than that of the matrix phase. The wear resistance of the steel is the highest after the 2-h boronizing, and the wear depends on the angle of impact of the hard particles on its surface. With growth of the duration of the boronizing the wear behavior of the steel changes from ductile one to brittle one.
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    Effect of Powder-Pack Boronizing on the Microhardness, Wear, and Corrosion Behaviors of AISI 304L Steel
    (Springer, 2024) Ocak-Araz, Sule; Birden, Abdulkadir; Bayca, Salih Ugur; Bican, Osman
    This study investigated the effect of powder-pack boronizing on the microstructure, hardness, and wear and corrosion behavior of AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel. Powder-pack boronizing was carried out using Baybora-1 boronizing agent for 2, 4, 6, and 8 h at 950 degrees C. Boronized AISI 304L steel exhibited a flatter and thinner morphology depending on the alloying elements. XRD analysis showed the presence of CrB, Cr2B, Ni2B, Ni3B, alpha-Mn, MnB, and alpha-SiO2 phases in addition to FeB and Fe2B. Boronizing time increased the boride layer thickness from 20.6 to 50.6 mu m. The highest Vickers microhardness value of 1316.1 HV0.1 was observed in the sample boronized for 2 h. In the wear tests applied with 80, 220, and 400 mesh Al2O3 abrasives under 10, 20, and 30 N loads, the boronized samples exhibited approximately 1.7-10 times more wear resistance than non-boronized steel. In the corrosion test performed in 10% H2SO4 acid solution, corrosion resistance increased with metal boride layer thickness. The sample boronized for 2 h was seen to have the lowest weight loss.
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    Investigation of gamma-ray attenuation coefficients for solid boronized 304L stainless steel
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2021) Araz, Sule Ocak; Gumus, Hasan; Bayca, Salih Ugur; Aydin, Abdullah
    In this study, mass attenuation coefficient (mu/rho) and half value layer (HVL) at Eu-152 and Co-60 energies were used in measuring attenuation coefficients of the solid boronized AISI 304L stainless steel at 950 degrees C for 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. The experimental mass attenuation coefficients, mu/rho, and HVL for these materials were compared to theoretical values obtained with WinXCOM. At the same time a new boriding agent (Baybora (R)-1) also developed for solid boriding method was used. The effects of boron layer size on radiation attenuation of boronized composites were evaluated in relation with gamma-ray transmission and the results of the experiments were interpreted. It could be understood that increased of boron layer in AISI 304L causes of increases in the attenuation coefficient values. The measured values agree with the theoretical values. The interaction parameters for selected samples have been computed and provided in the extended energy range 10(-3)-10(4) MeV. The shielding properties prepared stainless steel have also been compared with standard concretes as well as with the standard shielding stainless steel. It is found that the prepared stainless steel is the better shielding substitute to the conventional concretes as well as other standard shielding stainless steel. So, submicron size boron layer used composite materials are more convenient than micron size boron used composite materials as radiation shielding materials for nuclear applications.
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    Kinetic and mechanical properties of boronized AISI 1020 steel with Baybora-2 powder
    (Edp Sciences S A, 2023) Yamanel, Buenyamin; Erdem, Oguz; Bayca, Salih Ugur; Bican, Osman
    In this study, package boronizing process was applied to AISI 1020 steel by using Baybora-2 boronizing agent and the kinetics of boronizing process was investigated. The pack boronizing process was performed at 1223 and 1323 K temperatures for 2, 4 and 6 h. The properties of the boride layer formed on the surface as a result of the boronizing process were determined using optical microscopy and SEM analysis. XRD analysis was performed to determine the phases formed in the boride layer. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the boride layer consisted of FeB and Fe2B phases. It was determined that the thickness of the boride layer increased with the increase of boronizing time and temperature. While the boride layer thickness for the temperature of 1223 K was between 115 and 196.3 mu m, the boride layer thickness for the temperature of 1323 K was found to be between 157.2 and 304.7 mu m. In this study, a boriding powder, patented and under development, was used and a surface layer with a hardness of 2224 HV was obtained on the surface of AISI 1020 steel. This hardness value is approximately 5 times the hardness values of steels hardened by traditional surface hardening methods such as cementation and nitriding. Also, considering the boride layer thicknesses, the activation energy was calculated as 162.26 kJ/mol using the classical kinetic method.