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    The effects of tinnitus and/or hearing loss on the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised test
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2013) Genç, Gülsüm Aydan; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Belgin, Erol
    Objective: This study aims to evaluate the psychological attitudes of patients with tinnitus by using The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and to investigate the relationship between hearing loss and attributed psychological attitudes. Materials and methods: 142 subjects (73 female, 69 male) divided into 4 groups: Group 1 (32 patients with tinnitus and hearing loss-), Group 2 (38 patients with tinnitus), Group 3 (36 patients with hearing loss), Group 4 (36 healthy subjects without tinnitus and hearing loss-control group). The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) test was used to detect the subjects' tendency for psychological problems due to tinnitus and/or hearing loss. Results: Mean values of Somatization (SUM), Obsessive-Compulsive (O-C) and Additional Scale (AS) were higher than cut-off points of 1.00 for Groups I and 2 (tinnitus and/or hearing loss). In patients with tinnitus and/or hearing loss, SUM, O-C, Depression (DEP), AS and Global Severity Index (GSI) were significantly higher than patients with hearing loss and control group. By multiple linear regression analysis, tinnitus was the significantly detected confounding factor for increase of SUM, O-C, Interpersonal Sensitivity (I-S), DEP, Hostility (HOS), Paranoid Ideation (PAR), AS and GSI parameters. Conclusion: It was concluded that tinnitus could induce some psychological symptoms such as depression; and this is independent of hearing loss. Tinnitus with or without hearing loss is the essential factor for causing psychological problems in patients. Tinnitus duration is not important in the scene of psychological status of the patients. This result shows that, age, gender (male, female), chronic or acute tinnitus experience, and having hearing loss did not cause too much problems in patients. But tinnitus experience in every form (for the present study, intermediate level subjective tinnitus) is significantly important confounding factor for affecting psychological status of the patients. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Features of unilateral hearing loss detected by newborn hearing screening programme in different regions of Turkey
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2013) Genc, Gulsum Aydan; Konukseven, Ozlem; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Kirkim, Gunay; Basar, Figen Suren; Tuncer, Ulku; Belgin, Erol
    Objective: Newborn hearing screening (NHS) works well for babies with bilateral hearing loss. However, for those with unilateral loss, it has yet to be established some standard rules like age of diagnose, risk factors, hearing loss degree. The aim of this study is to identify the demographic characteristics of newborns with unilateral hearing loss to obtain evidence based data in order to see what to be done for children with unilateral hearing loss (UHL). Method: Newborn hearing screening data of 123 babies with unilateral hearing loss, 71 (57.7%) male and 52 (42.3%) female, were investigated retrospectively. Data provided from the archives of six referral tertiary audiology centers from four regions in Turkey. Data, including type of hearing loss; age of diagnosis; prenatal, natal and postnatal risk factors; familial HL and parental consanguinity was analyzed in all regions and each of the Regions 1-4 separately. Result: The difference between data obtained in terms of gender and type of hearing loss was detected as statistically significant (p < 0.05). While UHL was significantly higher in females at Region I, and in males at other Regions of 2-4; SNHL was the most detected type of UHL in all regions with the rate of 82.9-100.0%. There were not significant differences between regions in terms of the degree of hearing loss, presence of risk factors, family history of hearing loss, age at diagnosis and parental consanguinity (p > 0.05). Diagnosis procedure was completed mostly at 3-6 months in Region 4; whereas, in other regions (Regions 1-3), completion of procedure was delayed until 6 months-1 year. Conclusion: This study indicates that the effect of postnatal risk factors, i.e. curable hyperbilirubinemia, congenital infection and intensive care is relatively high on unilateral hearing loss, precautions should be taken regarding their prevention, as well as physicians and other health personnel should be trained in terms of these risks. For early and timely diagnosis, families will be informed about hearing loss and NHS programme; will be supported, including financial support of diagnosis process. By dissemination of the NHS programme to the total of country by high participation rate, risk factors can be determined better and measures can be increased. Additionally, further studies are needed with more comprehensive standard broad data for more evidence based consensus. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.