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Öğe The antibacterial activity of hemolymph of spider, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae: Agelenidae)(2008) Kayhan, Nazife Yiğit; Benli, MehlikaAntibiyotiklere dirençli mikroorganizmaların sayısı her geçen gün artığından dolayı, tarımda ve tıpta bu dirençli mikroorganizmalarla mücadele etmek için yeni ve etkili antimikrobiyal ajanlara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Antibiyotikler için alternatif bir kaynak olarak düşünülen Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757) (Araneae: Agelenidae)’nın hemolenfi 10 bakteri suşuna karşı test edilmiş ve 10 suştan 5 tanesi hemolenfe duyarlı olarak bulunmuştur. Duyarlı bakteri suşları: Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus’dur. Sonuçlar, örümcek hemolenfinin antibakteriyal etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışma A. labyrinthica hemolenfinin antibakteriyal etkisi üzerine yapılan ilk çalışmadır.Öğe Antimicrobial activity of endemic Crataegus tanacetifolia (Lam.) Pers and observation of the inhibition effect on bacterial cells(Wiley, 2008) Benli, Mehlika; Yigit, Nazife; Geven, Fatmaguel; Güney, Kerim; Bingöl, ÜmitUp to now an increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been reported and thus new natural therapeutic agents are needed in order to eradicate these pathogens. Through the discovery of plants such as Crataegus tanacetifolia (Lam.) Pets that have antimicrobial activity, it will be possible to discover new natural drugs serving as chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of nosocomial pathogens and take these antibiotic-resistant bacteria under control. The objective of the present study was to determine antimicrobial activity and the activity mechanism of C. tanacetifolia plant extract. The leaves of C. tanacetifolia, which is an endemic plant, were extracted using methanol and tested against 10 bacterial and 4 yeast strains by using a drop method. It was observed that the plant extract had antibacterial effects on Bacillus subtilis, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes among the microorganisms that were tested. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results obtained at the end of an incubation of 24 h were found to be >= 6.16 mg ml(-1) for B. subtilis, <394 mg ml(-1) for Shigella, and >= 3.08 mg ml(-1) for L. monocytogenes and S. aureus and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were found as >= 24.63 mg ml(-1) for B. subtilis, >= 394 mg ml(-1) for Shigella, >= 6.16 mg ml(-1) for L. monocytogenes, and >= 98.5 mg ml(-1) for S. aureus. According to the MBC results, it was found that the plant extract had bactericidal effects and in order to explain the activity mechanism and cell deformation of bacterial strains treated with plant extract, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used. The results of SEM showed that the treated cells appeared shrunken and there was degradation of the cell walls. This study, in which the antibacterial effect of C tanacetifolia was demonstrated, will be a base for further investigations on advanced purification and effect mechanism of action of its active compounds. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Öğe Antimicrobial activity of endemic Digitalis lamarckii Ivan from Turkey(Natl Inst Science Communication-Niscair, 2009) Benli, Mehlika; Yiğit, Nazife; Geven, Fatmagül; Güney, Kerim; Bingöl, ÜmitAntimicrobial activity of the methanolic extracts of leaves and flowers of D. lamarckii Ivan, (Scophulariaceae), an endemic plant species of Turkey, was tested on ten bacterial and four yeast strains. Effective antibacterial activity was observed in four bacterial strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was calculated by use of liquid culture tests and in all the four effective bacterial strains, the MIC was found to be >= 199.5 mg/ml. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of B. subtilis, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes was calculated to be >= 199.5 mg/ml, and MBC value for Shigella was calculated as >= 399 mg/ml.Öğe Antimicrobial activity of some endemic plant species from Turkey(Academic Journals, 2007) Benli, Mehlika; Güney, Kerim; Bingöl, Ümit; Geven, Fatmagül; Yigit, NazifeSix plant extracts obtained from different parts such as the leaves, flowers and seeds of four species of the endemic plants in Turkey were tested on a total of 14 microorganisms, 10 of which were bacterial strains and 4 yeast strains. Verbascum eriocarpum (flower) extract was found to be effective against Staphylococcus aureus; Stachys cretica subsp. anatolica (leaf and flower) and Heracleum paphlagonicum (seed) extracts were found to be effective against Bacillus subtilis; and Alcea apterocarpa (seed and sepal) extract was found to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No antimicrobial activity was observed in Heracleum paphlagonicum (leaf) and Alcea apterocarpa (leaf) plant extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the plant extracts were calculated to be between >= 0.859 mg/ml and >= 110.5 mg/ml and the minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) values were calculated to be between >= 3.44 mg/ml and >= 132 mg/ml.Öğe Antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. and observation of the inhibition effect on bacterial cells by use of scanning electron microscopy(African Networks Ethnomedicines, 2008) Kaya, Ilhan; Yigit, Nazife; Benli, MehlikaThe antimicrobial activities of chloroform, acetone and two different concentrations of methanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. were studied. These extracts were tested in vitro against 10 bacteria and 4 yeasts strains by the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the methanol extracts of O. basilucum exhibited the antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms. While the chloroform and acetone extracts had no effect, the methanol extracts showed inhibition zones against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and two different strains of Escherichia coli. The cells of microorganisms, which were treated and untreated with plant extracts, were observed by using the scanning electron microscope. It was observed that the treated cells were damaged.Öğe Antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Satureja hortensis L.(2007) Benli, Mehlika; Kayhan, Nazife Yiğit; Kaya, İlhanThe antimicrobial activities of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Satureja hortensis L. were studied. These extracts were tested in vitro against 10 bacterial species, 4 yeasts species and strains by the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the methanol extract of S. hortensis is more effective against tested microorganisms than ethyl acetate. While ethyl acetate extract showed inhibition effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Bacillus subtilis (RSHI), methanol extract affected Bacillus subtilis (RSHI), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Shigella (RSHI), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). The cells of microorganisms treated with plant extracts and normal microorganism cells were observed by scanning electron microscope. It was apparent that cells after treated with S. hortensis are damaged.Öğe Fine Structure of Venom Glands of the Scorpion Mesobuthus gibbosus (BRULLE, 1832) (Scorpiones: Buthidae)(Inst Zoology, Bulgarian Acad Sciences, 2009) Yigit, Nazife; Benli, MehlikaThe objective of the present study was to describe the functional morphology, histology, and ultrastructure of venom glands of Mesobuthus gibbosus (BRULLE, 1832) for the first time using a light microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The venom glands are situated in the last segment of the metasoma, named the telson. The telson contains a pair of venom glands equal in size and shape. The two glands are segregated within the bulbous base of the telson by striated muscular bundles, and the outer surface of the venom glands is surrounded by a cuticle. An internal layer constitutes the secretory epithelium. This epithelium is made up of simple and columnar cells. The nucleus and organelles involved in synthetic activity of the cell are situated in the basal portion of the cells. In the apical portion of the cells near the gland lumen, there are many secretory granules of different sizes, shapes, and electron densities. All types of secretory materials are located in vesicles limited by the biomembranes.Öğe An Investigation on the antimicrobial activity of some endemic plant species from Turkey(Academic Journals, 2008) Benli, Mehlika; Bingol, Umit; Geven, Fatmagul; Guney, Kerim; Yigit, NazifeIn this study performed on six endemic plant species, antimicrobial activity was observed in Campanula lyrata subsp. lyrata and Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmuelleriana plants. The minimum inhibitory concentration of C. lyrata subsp. lyrata (leaf and flower) extract was found to be >= 29 mg/ml for Baccillus subtilis and >= 14.5 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmuelleriana (leaf) extract was found to be > 314 mg/ml for B. subtilis and when minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) results were evaluated, it was observed that the plant extracts had bacteriocidal effects. No antimicrobial activity was observed in the other plant extracts, namely, Onosma bornmuelleri (leaf-flower), Dianthus balansae (leaf-flower), Alyssum pateri subsp. pateri (seed) and Scabiosa columbaria subsp. paphlagonica (leaf) extracts that were tested.Öğe Screening antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Artemisia dracunculus L.(Wiley, 2007) Benli, Mehlika; Kaya, ilhan; YiĞit, NazifeThe antimicrobial activities of chloroform, acetone and two different concentrations of methanol extracts of Artemisia dracunculus L. were studied. These extracts were tested against nine bacteria and four yeasts strains by the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the methanol extract of A. dracunculus is more effective against tested microorganisms than chloroform or acetone extracts. The chloroform and acetone extracts were inhibitory only towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). While the methanol extract that was diluted with 10 ml distilled water showed inhibition zones against Shigella (RSHI), Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, R. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), the methanol extract that was diluted with 5 ml distilled water showed inhibition zones against two different strains of Escherichia coli (RSHI, ATCC 25922), Shigella (RSHI), L. monocytogenes (ATCC 7644), and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The cells of microorganisms treated with plant extracts and normal microorganism cells were observed by scanning electron microscope. It was apparent that cells are damaged after treatment with A. dracunculus. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Öğe The antibacterial activity of hemolymph of spider, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae: Agelenidae)(Kastamonu Univ, Orman Fak, 2008) Yigit, Nazife; Benli, MehlikaSince the number of microorganisms which are resistant to antibiotics have been increasing steadily, the need for treating these pathogens requires novel and efficacious antimicrobial agents, both in medicine and in agriculture. In our study, the hemolymph of Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757) (Araneae: Agelenidae) which is considered as an alternative resource for antibiotics, was tested against ten bacterial strains, and it was found that five out of ten strains were sensitive to hemolymph. The sensitive bacterial strains were Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. Our results showed that spider hemolymph had antibacterial effects. This is the first study about antibacterial effects of A. labyrinthica's hemolymph.
