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    Influence of grain size ratio and silt content on the liquefaction potentials of silty sands
    (Techno-Press, 2022) Sonmezer, Yetis Bulent; Kayabali, Kamil; Beyaz, Turgay; Fener, Mustafa
    Soil liquefaction has been one of the most important concerns in geotechnical earthquake engineering in recent years, due to its damages to structures and its destructive effects. The cyclic liquefaction of silty sands, in particular, remains of great interest for both research and application. Although many factors are known that affect the liquefaction resistance of sands, the effect of fine grain content is perhaps one of the most studied and still controversial. In this study, 48 deformation-controlled cyclic simple shear tests were performed on BS and CS silt samples mixed with 5%, 15% and 30% by weight of Krk085, Krk042 and Krk025 sands in constant-volume conditions to determine the liquefaction potential of silty sands. The tests were carried out at 30% and 50% relative density and under 100 kPa effective stress. The results revealed that the liquefaction potential of silty sand increases with increasing average particle size ratio (D50sand/ d50silt) of the mixture for a fixed silt content. Furthermore, for identical base sand, the liquefaction potentials of coarse grained sands increase with increasing silt content, while the respective potentials of fine grained sands generally decrease. However, this situation may vary depending on the silt grain structure and is affected by the nature of the fine grains. In addition, the variation of the void ratio interval was shown to provide a good intuition in determining the liquefaction potentials of silty sands, while the intergranular void ratio alone does not constitute a criterion for determining the liquefaction potentials of silty sands.
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    Öğe
    Investigation of the effect of the relative density and shear strain on liquefaction of sands
    (Pamukkale Univ, 2021) Beyaz, Turgay; Kayabalı, Kamil; Sönmezer, Yetiş Bülent
    Liquefaction potential of non-cohesive soils is determined by field tests such as SPT, CPT, which use the stress approach, and laboratory tests such as three-dimensional dynamic shear, torsional shear, resonant column, and bender element tests. Recently, the approach of energy has been used to estimate the liquefaction potential of sands. The main parameters used in this approach are relative density and effective stress of the ground. In this study, Cyclic Simple Shear Test arrangement is used. In this study, the effect of shear strain and relative density on the liquefaction energy of the sands were investigated. In the study, clean fine marine sands were used. In this study, 3 different relative densities for a sand sample (Dr= 40%, 55% and 70%); 4 different stresses (av= 50, 100, 200 ve 300 kPa), and pore water pressure (u= 25, 50, 75 ye 150 kPa). Totally of 36 experiments were performed in and 3 different deformation rates (y= 2%, 3.5%, and 5%). The harmonic loading was applied to the experimental samples at a frequency (I) of 0.1 Hz. The effect of relative density, deformation rate and vertical stress conditions on the liquefaction energy of sands has been demonstrated for a type of fine-grained clean sea sand. The increase in the shear strain rate reduces the liquefaction potential by about 3%. The increase in relative density, increases the shear resistance of the sand. This delay liquefaction and causes an increase in the number of cycles.