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Öğe Ağır Silah Namlusunun Mekanik Otofretaj İşleminde Gerilme Dağılımının Sayısal Olarak İncelenmesi(2023) Baran, Doğan; Bican, Osman; Doğu, YahyaOtofretaj, kalın cidarlı silindirlerin basınç taşıma kapasitesini ve yorulma ömrünü artırmak için silindir et kalınlığında artık kalıcı gerilme oluşturma işlemidir. Bu artık gerilme, çalışma basıncının oluşturduğu gerilmenin bir kısmını nötr ederek, basınçlı kapların basınç taşıma kapasitesini artırır. Pratikte birçok otofretaj yöntemi olmakla beraber, özellikle ağır silah namlularında uygulanan iki otofretaj yöntemi mekanik ve hidrolik otofretaj işlemleridir. Bu çalışmada, ağır silah namlusuna mekanik otofretaj uygulanmasında oluşan gerilmeler sonlu elemanlar metodu (SEM) ile sayısal olarak hesaplanmıştır. SEM modelinde iki boyutlu (2B) aksisimetrik geometri kullanılmıştır. SEM modeli literatürdeki veriler ile doğrulanmıştır. Otofretajsız namluda 670 MPa çalışma basıncı altında namlu iç çapında Von Mises eşdeğer gerilmenin değeri 1350,3 MPa olarak hesaplanmıştır. Otofretaj uygulanmış namluda ise Von Mises eşdeğer gerilmesinin maksimum değeri, namlunun et kalınlığının %63’ne karşılık gelen bölgede 1122,3 MPa olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu gerilme değerinin namlu akma mukavemeti olan 1195 MPa’ın altında olduğu görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak çalışma basıncı altında otofretaj uygulanmış namluda Von Mises eşdeğer gerilmesi, otofretaj uygulanmayan namluya göre %16,88 oranında azalmıştır. Bu sebeplerden dolayı, ağır silah namlularında otofretaj işleminin uygulanması ve oluşan gerilmelerin hesaplanması namlu ömrü ve basınç taşıma kapasitesi açısından kritik öneme sahiptir.Öğe Baybora-1 Borlama Tozu Kullanılarak Yüzey Sertleştirme İşlemine Tabi Tutulan 41Cr4 Çeliğinin Aşınma Davranışının İncelenmesi(2019) Yamaner, Bünyamin; Bican, Osman; Bayça, S. UğurBu çalışmada SAE 5140 çeliğine 950 °C de yerli Baybora-1 borlama tozu kullanılarak 4 ve 6 saat süreli katı borlama işlemiyapılmıştır. Numunelerin içyapısı optik ve SEM de incelenmiştir. Ayrıca oluşan bor tabakalarının kalınlık ve sertlik değerleriMikrovickers sertlik ölçme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Borlanan nununeler farklı yükler altında ve abraziv aşındırıcıyüzeyler kullanılarak aşınma testine tabi tutulmuş ve aşınma yüzey fotoğrafları çekilmiştir. SAE 5140 çeliğinin içyapısınınferrit bölgeleri ve perlit lamellerinden oluştuğu görülmüştür. Farklı sürelerde borlama işlemine tabi tutulan SAE 5140 çeliğininise yüzey altında iki farklı tabaka oluştuğu XRD yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Bunların yüzeyden itibaren FeB ve Fe2B tabakalarıolduğu ve sertlik değerlerinin işlem uygulanmamış numunenin yaklaşık sekiz katı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu tabakalarınkalınlığının artan borlama süresi ile arttığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca borlama işleminin aşınma direncini yaklaşık 4 kat arttırdığıbelirlenmiştir. SAE 5140 çeliği yerli bir borlama tozu kullanılarak başarılı bir şekilde yüzey işlemine tabi tutulmuştur.Uygulanan borlama işlemini sertlik, mukavemet ve aşınma direnci değerlerini yaklaşık 4 kat arttırdığı görülmüştür. Yapılandeneyler sonucunda en uygun borlama sıcaklığı 950 °C ve en uygun borlama süresi 4 saat olarak belirlenmiştir.Öğe Baybora-1 Borlama Tozu Kullanılarak Yüzey Sertleştirme İşlemine Tabi Tutulan 41Cr4 Çeliğinin Aşınma Davranışının İncelenmesi(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2019) Yamanel, Bünyamin; Bican, Osman; Bayça, Salih UğurBu çalışmada SAE 5140 çeliğine 950 °C de yerli Baybora-1 borlama tozu kullanılarak 4 ve 6 saat süreli katı borlama işlemi yapılmıştır. Numunelerin içyapısı optik ve SEM de incelenmiştir. Ayrıca oluşan bor tabakalarının kalınlık ve sertlik değerleri Mikrovickers sertlik ölçme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Borlanan nununeler farklı yükler altında ve abraziv aşındırıcı yüzeyler kullanılarak aşınma testine tabi tutulmuş ve aşınma yüzey fotoğrafları çekilmiştir. SAE 5140 çeliğinin içyapısının ferrit bölgeleri ve perlit lamellerinden oluştuğu görülmüştür. Farklı sürelerde borlama işlemine tabi tutulan SAE 5140 çeliğinin ise yüzey altında iki farklı tabaka oluştuğu XRD yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Bunların yüzeyden itibaren FeB ve Fe2B tabakaları olduğu ve sertlik değerlerinin işlem uygulanmamış numunenin yaklaşık sekiz katı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu tabakaların kalınlığının artan borlama süresi ile arttığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca borlama işleminin aşınma direncini yaklaşık 4 kat arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. SAE 5140 çeliği yerli bir borlama tozu kullanılarak başarılı bir şekilde yüzey işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Uygulanan borlama işlemini sertlik, mukavemet ve aşınma direnci değerlerini yaklaşık 4 kat arttırdığı görülmüştür. Yapılan deneyler sonucunda en uygun borlama sıcaklığı 950 °C ve en uygun borlama süresi 4 saat olarak belirlenmiştir.Öğe Baybora-2 Borlama Tozu Kullanılarak Yüzey Sertleştirme İşlemine Tabi Tutulan AISI 1020 Çeliğinin İç Yapı ve Sertlik Davranışlarının İncelenmesi(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2023) Yamanel, Bünyamin; Bican, Osman; Bayça, Salih UğurBu çalışmada AISI 1020 çeliği 950 °C de yerli Baybora-2 borlama tozu kullanılarak 2, 4 ve 6 saat sürelerde katı borlama işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Numunelerin içyapıları optik mikroskop kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Borlama neticesinde yüzeyde oluşan bor tabakalarının kalınlık ve sertlik değerleri Mikrovickers sertlik ölçme cihazı kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. AISI 1020 çeliğinin içyapısının ferrit ve perlit yapılarından oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. Bor tabakasının kalınlığının artan borlama süresi ile arttığı belirlenmiştir. AISI 1020 çeliğine yerli bir borlama tozu kullanılarak başarılı bir şekilde yüzey kaplama işlemi uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan borlama işlemi neticesinde sertlik değerlerinde yaklaşık 13 katlık bir artış meydana gelmiştir. Yapılan deneyler sonucunda en yüksek sertlik değerleri 4 saatlik borlama neticesinde 2224 Hv0,05 olarak ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca en büyük borür tabakası kalınlığı 6 saatlik borlama neticesinde 196,3µm olarak ölçülmüştür.Öğe A comparative study of lubricated friction and wear behaviour of Al-25Zn-3Cu-3Si bearing alloy(Sage Publications Ltd, 2014) Bican, Osman; Savaskan, TemelLubricated friction and wear behaviour of Al-25Zn-3Cu-3Si alloy was investigated on a block-on-disc test machine in comparison with 60/40 brass and SAE 65 bronze. T6 heat treatment increased the hardness, strength and wear resistance of the Al-25Zn-3Cu-3Si alloy. This alloy exhibited much higher wear resistance than the 60/40 brass and SAE 65 bronze in both as-cast and heat-treated conditions. The results obtained from the experimental alloys are discussed in terms of their microstructure, mechanical properties and wear behaviour.Öğe Development of Optical, Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Porcelain Stonewares(Int Inst Science Sintering (I I S S), 2021) Aydin, Tuna; Bican, Osman; Gumruk, Recep; Kuleyin, HamdiNew production systems developed in recent years made it possible to improve different aesthetic appearance and large sizes for porcelain stonewares. In order to produce these tiles, optical and mechanical properties of the porcelain stonewares should be improved. Optical and mechanical properties also related with microstructure. In this study, spodumene, alumina and zircon were used to improve the microstructure of the porcelain stonewares and consequently their optical and mechanical properties. The wear resistance of porcelain stonewares is the one of the most important mechanical properties. In this study, a different test method was used because the existing wear test methods on the tiles were insufficient. The solid particle impingement method using alumina particles was used to determine wear resistance of the porcelain stoneware bodies.Öğe Effect of Boronizing on Operating Stability of Steel AISI 304L under Erosion Impact of Hard Particles(Springer, 2021) Bican, Osman; Bayca, Salih Ugur; Kuleyin, Hamdi; Gumruk, RecepThe effect of solid boronizing at 950 degrees C for 2 and 4 h on the phase composition, microstructure, hardness and abrasive wear of steel AISI 304L is studied under the impact of a flow of hard particles. The boronized steel is shown to consist of three layers (metal boride, porous layer and matrix) from the external surface to the center. The hardness of the boride is much higher than that of the matrix phase. The wear resistance of the steel is the highest after the 2-h boronizing, and the wear depends on the angle of impact of the hard particles on its surface. With growth of the duration of the boronizing the wear behavior of the steel changes from ductile one to brittle one.Öğe EFFECT OF CASE DEPTHS ON CORROSION PROPERTIES OF HARD ANODIC OXIDIZED A356 ALUMINUM ALLOY(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2023) Haciosmanoglu, Murat; Basyigit, Aziz Baris; Hekimoglu, Ali Pasa; Bican, OsmanIn this work, A356 alloy samples having a dimension of 4x20x20mm were coated by hard anodic oxidation method at eight different thicknesses up to similar to 80 mu m. The sample surfaces and longitudinal section of these surfaces in both coated and uncoated conditions were investigated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Microhardness of the coating layers and core regions (base metal) were determined with the microvickers hardness testing method. Corrosion properties of the coated and uncoated samples were investigated by an electrochemical corrosion test set up according to ASTM G5 standard. The test results obtained from the coated and uncoated surfaces were compared to each other. Coated surfaces exhibited fluctuant surface profile. Microcracks were formed on these surfaces. Microhardness of the coating layers increased with increasing coating layer thickness. Energy dispersed X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the surfaces showed that oxygen rate on the surfaces increased after the corrosion tests. Corrosion rate of the A356 alloy coated by hard anodic oxidation decreased with increasing coating thickness up to 40-50 mu m, but after this coating thickness, the corrosion rate increased. The results obtained from the investigations were discussed based on the characteristics of the coated surfaces.Öğe Effect of matrix temperature and powder size on the infiltration height of SiO2-reinforced Al 7075 matrix composites produced by vacuum infiltration(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2017) Calin, Recep; Pul, Muharrem; Bican, Osman; Kucukturk, GokhanIn this study, the effect powder size and matrix temperature on the physical and mechanical properties of SiO2-reinforced Al 7075 matrix composites were investigated. It was observed that with increasing powder size and temperature, infiltration height was increased. Optimum parameters of full infiltration that were determined for particle size and temperature were d(50) = 150 mu m and 800 degrees C, respectively. It was also observed that the porosity of the produced composites changed in the range of 3.2-14.6%, and the lowest porosity was obtained from the composite having 105 mu m SiO2 particle size. The highest fracture strength (263 MPa) was obtained from the composite produced at a matrix temperature of 800 degrees C and a particle size of 420 mu m. It was concluded that particle size and temperature are effective parameters to reach full infiltration, and this method is more suitable for producing the composites that have high reinforcement volume fractions than conventional casting methods.Öğe Effect of Powder-Pack Boronizing on the Microhardness, Wear, and Corrosion Behaviors of AISI 304L Steel(Springer, 2024) Ocak-Araz, Sule; Birden, Abdulkadir; Bayca, Salih Ugur; Bican, OsmanThis study investigated the effect of powder-pack boronizing on the microstructure, hardness, and wear and corrosion behavior of AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel. Powder-pack boronizing was carried out using Baybora-1 boronizing agent for 2, 4, 6, and 8 h at 950 degrees C. Boronized AISI 304L steel exhibited a flatter and thinner morphology depending on the alloying elements. XRD analysis showed the presence of CrB, Cr2B, Ni2B, Ni3B, alpha-Mn, MnB, and alpha-SiO2 phases in addition to FeB and Fe2B. Boronizing time increased the boride layer thickness from 20.6 to 50.6 mu m. The highest Vickers microhardness value of 1316.1 HV0.1 was observed in the sample boronized for 2 h. In the wear tests applied with 80, 220, and 400 mesh Al2O3 abrasives under 10, 20, and 30 N loads, the boronized samples exhibited approximately 1.7-10 times more wear resistance than non-boronized steel. In the corrosion test performed in 10% H2SO4 acid solution, corrosion resistance increased with metal boride layer thickness. The sample boronized for 2 h was seen to have the lowest weight loss.Öğe Effect of T7 heat treatment on the dry sliding friction and wear properties of the SiC-reinforced AA 2014 aluminium matrix composites produced by vacuum infiltration(Sage Publications Ltd, 2014) Aksoz, Sinan; Bican, Osman; Calin, Recep; Bostan, Bulent…Öğe Effects Of The Boriding Process And Of Quenching And Tempering After Boriding On The Microstructure, Hardness And Wear Of AISI 5140 Steel(WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, 2020) Bican, Osman; Bayca, Salih Uğur; Ocak-Araz, Şule; Yamaneli, Bünyamin; Taniş, Naci ArdaAn investigation was made on the effects of the boriding process and of quenching and tempering after boriding on the microstructure, hardness and wear of AISI 5140 steel. In this study, a new boriding agent (Baybora (R)-1) developed for the solid boriding method was used. It was observed that the wear resistance of the borided samples increased by about four times, but the wear resistance of the sample subjected to quenching and tempering after boriding increased by only about two times. Thus, it was determined that quenching and tempering after boriding worsen wear resistance.Öğe Farklı Alüminyum Alaşımlarının Tornalanmasında Alaşım Cinsinin Kesici Takım Davranışı, Talaş Biçimi Ve Yüzey Pürüzlülüğüne Etkisi(2021) Pul, Muharrem; Bican, OsmanBu çalışmada endüstride yaygın olarak kullanılan Al2024, Al6061 ve Al7075 alüminyum alaşımının tornalanmasında, kesici takım aşınma davranışları, talaş şekilleri ve yüzeylerin pürüzlülüklerinin karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. İşleme deneyleri sonucunda; neredeyse tüm kesici takımlarda yığıntı talaş (YT) meydana gelmiştir. YT miktarları olarak bakıldığında en fazla YTAl2024 alüminyum alaşımında meydana gelirken, en az YT oluşumu Al7075 alüminyum alaşımında gözlenmiştir. Artan kesme hızı ile YT miktarlarında azalma görülmüştür. Kesici takımlarda az miktarda yan yüzey aşınması tespit edilmiştir. İşleme deneylerinde genel olarak uzun helisel, kısa helisel, kavisli bitişik ve dolaşık olmak üzere dört çeşit talaş tipi oluşmuştur. Kesme hızının artmasıyla Al2024 alüminyum alaşımında yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri azalırken, Al6061 alaşımında pürüzlülük değerleri yükselmiştir. Kullanılan kesme parametrelerine göre işlenebilirlik açısından değerlendirme yapıldığında, Al 7075 alüminyum alaşımının diğerlerine göre daha uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.Öğe Increasing corrosion resistance of AISI 1010 steel by boride coatings(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2022) Bayca, Salih U.; Bican, OsmanBoriding is the process of coating the metal surface with a ceramic metal boride layer by the diffusion method. Iron borides, one of the metal borides, are called ceramics because they are covalently bonded compounds. Iron boride coatings contain strong Fe-B and B-B covalent bonds. In this study, the effect of boronizing on the corrosion resistance of AISI 1010 steel was investigated. Baybora-1 which has recently been patented was used as boronizing agent. AISI 1010 steel was borided at 950 degrees C for 2, 4, and 6 h using the solid method. The microstructure, hardness, and corrosion rate of the samples were investigated. The change in the corrosion rate of the samples was determined by the corrosion test specified in the ASTM G31-72 standard. The results showed that the hardness of the iron boride layer formed on the surface as a result of the boronizing process was greater than that of the matrix. As a result of the boriding process, the hardness of the iron boride layer on the steel surface reached approximately eight times the hardness of the substrate matrix. The thickness of the iron boride layer on the steel sample surface was measured at 950 degrees C for 2 and 6 h, respectively, as 45 +/- 12 and 155 +/- 13 mu m. It was concluded that the boriding process increased the corrosion resistance of steel.Öğe Investigation of structural and tribological properties o layers formed in SAE 5140 steel coated with boride powders(Amer Scientific Publishers, 2018) Bican, Osman; Yamanel, BunyaminIn this study, the surface of SAE 5140 steel was coated with ferroboron using new powder bonding agent (Baybora-1) for various bonding time at 950 degrees C. The chemical composition and morphology of the phases formed in the internal structure of the bonded samples were examined by XRD, optical microscope and SEM, respectively. In addition, the mechanical properties of the boride layers formed were determined by the measurements of the subsurface hardness. In order to determine the tribological behaviour, these samples were subjected to wear testing using alumina ceramic abrasive powder at different loads. It was observed that the internal structure of unborided samples is generally formed by ferrite and pearlite phases. It has been determined that the boride layer having two different chemical compositions is formed as a result of the bonding processes made for different periods and the boride layer thickness increases with increasing bonding time. Sub-surface hardness measurements showed that three different zones were formed under the surface. In addition, the average surface hardness value of the SEA 5140 steel is 367 +/- 8.2 HV0.1, while it increased up to 1997 +/- 17.2 HV0.1 as the result of the bonding. As a result of the wear testing carried out, it was observed that the abrasion was very dependent on the phases formed in the boride layer and the most suitable balding time was determined. It has been determined that all bonded samples increase the abrasion resistance of the raw steel by about 4 times.Öğe Investigation of wear resistance of the porcelain tile bodies by solid particle impingement using alumina particles(SPRINGER, 2020) Aydin, Tuna; Bican, Osman; Gumruk, RecepWear resistance is of great importance for many industries related with minerals. The particles seen in these industries may cause erosion. These particles may have various sizes, shapes, and hardness, and may also impact the surface at various angles and speeds. Wear resistance is also important for the ceramic tile industry because the materials, which are also used in building facades, must withstand all kinds of weather conditions. In this study, the wear resistance of the porcelain tile bodies was investigated by solid particle impingement using alumina particles. The effects of technological, mechanical, and microstructural properties on wear resistance were also investigated. It was determined that the technological, mechanical, and microstructural properties were improved with the addition of spodumene, which also caused that the wear rates were reduced.Öğe An Investigation on the Microstructure and Wear Properties of TiB2 Reinforced AA2014 Aluminium Alloy Produced by Vacuum Infiltration(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2015) Araz, Sule Ocak; Çalın, Recep; Pul, Muharrem; Bican, Osman; Okur, OnurIn this study, microstructural, mechanical and wear properties of TiB2 reinforced Al 2014-based composites produced by vacuum infiltration were investigated under different production temperatures. It was observed that the microstructures of the composites consisted of Al matrix and TiB2 particles. TiB2 particles exhibit various shapes such as cubic, triangle and spherical. It was observed that the hardness and porosity of the composites increased with increasing TiB2 content. It was also observed that the production temperature has an important effect on the porosity and hardness of the produced composites. The highest wear resistance was obtained from Al 2014-8% TiB2 composite among the materials tested. It was observed that the production temperature and hardness are effective parameters on wear of produced composites. Evaluation of microstructural and mechanical test results suggest that it would be beneficial to keep the production temperature around 800 degrees C and Al 2014-8% TiB2 composite can be recommended for engineering applications where the hardness and wear resistance are considered to be significant factors.Öğe Kinetic and mechanical properties of boronized AISI 1020 steel with Baybora-2 powder(Edp Sciences S A, 2023) Yamanel, Buenyamin; Erdem, Oguz; Bayca, Salih Ugur; Bican, OsmanIn this study, package boronizing process was applied to AISI 1020 steel by using Baybora-2 boronizing agent and the kinetics of boronizing process was investigated. The pack boronizing process was performed at 1223 and 1323 K temperatures for 2, 4 and 6 h. The properties of the boride layer formed on the surface as a result of the boronizing process were determined using optical microscopy and SEM analysis. XRD analysis was performed to determine the phases formed in the boride layer. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the boride layer consisted of FeB and Fe2B phases. It was determined that the thickness of the boride layer increased with the increase of boronizing time and temperature. While the boride layer thickness for the temperature of 1223 K was between 115 and 196.3 mu m, the boride layer thickness for the temperature of 1323 K was found to be between 157.2 and 304.7 mu m. In this study, a boriding powder, patented and under development, was used and a surface layer with a hardness of 2224 HV was obtained on the surface of AISI 1020 steel. This hardness value is approximately 5 times the hardness values of steels hardened by traditional surface hardening methods such as cementation and nitriding. Also, considering the boride layer thicknesses, the activation energy was calculated as 162.26 kJ/mol using the classical kinetic method.Öğe Wear Resistance of Aluminum Alloy A356 After Thorough Anodic Oxidation(Springer, 2023) Basyigit, Aziz Baris; Azakli, Zeki; Gumruk, Recep; Bican, OsmanThe efficiency of thorough anodic oxidation of ASTM A356 aluminum alloy as an alternative to painting its surface is studied. Microstructure, phase composition, and microhardness of oxidized layers of various thicknesses (45, 65, 80 and 90 mu m) are determined. Solid particle erosion tests are conducted in accordance with ASTM G76 and MIL STD 3033. It is established that with an increase in oxidized layer thickness aluminum alloy wear resistance is reduced and the surface roughness is reduced.
