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    Is there any predictive equation to determine resting metabolic rate in ultra-endurance athletes?
    (Mattioli 1885, 2019) Devrim-Lanpir, Asli; Kocahan, Tugba; Deliceoglu, Gokhan; Tortu, Erkan; Bilgic, Pelin
    Background/aims: Only a few studies determined some equations to predict resting metabolic rate (RMR) in endurance athletes, however the validity in ultra-endurance athletes, such as triathletes and ultra-marathoners, had not been examined previously. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of commonly used RMR predictive equations (Harris-Benedict, Mifflin-St. Jeor, Cunningham, WHO/FAO/UNU (calculated by using body mass and height and body mass alone), Wang, and Sabounchi (Structure 4, 5, and 11) equations) comparing with measured RMR in ultra-endurance athletes. Methods: Male (n=15) and female (n=15) ultra-endurance athletes age 23 to 55 years from Ankyra Sports Club were included. The Bland-Altman plot was performed to determine mean bias and limits of agreement between measured and predicted RMRs. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the accuracy of each predictive equation by computing the standard en-or of estimate and root-mean-squared prediction error (RMSPE). Results: Mifflin-St. Jeor equation was found to be the best predictive equation with lowest RMSPE (275.85 kcal/day for men and 388.34 kcal/day for women) and mean difference (3.04 +/- 285.51 kcal/day for men and 185.57 +/- 353.10 for women) in ultra-endurance athletes. The Cunningham equation could be used in estimating RMR in male athletes (RMSPE, 310.77 kcal/day, the bias between measured vs. predicted RMR, 147.68 +/- 283.04 kcal/day). Conclusions: The Mifflin- St. Jeor and Cunningham equations for men and the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation in women could be used with caution in the absence of indirect calorimetry in ultra-endurance athletes. All other predictions significantly underestimated RMR for both sexes.
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    Öğe
    Total Dietary Antioxidant Intake Including Polyphenol Content: Is It Capable to Fight against Increased Oxidants within the Body of Ultra-Endurance Athletes?
    (MDPI, 2020) Devrim-Lanpir, Asli; Bilgic, Pelin; Kocahan, Tugba; Deliceoglu, Gokhan; Rosemann, Thomas; Knechtle, Beat
    The role of dietary antioxidants on exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress has been well investigated. However, the contribution of total dietary antioxidant capacity on exogenous antioxidant defense and exercise performance has commonly been disregarded. The aims of the present investigation were to examine (i) the effects of dietary total antioxidant intake on body antioxidant mechanisms, and (ii) an exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative damage in ultra-endurance athletes. The study included 24 ultra-marathon runners and long-distance triathletes (12 male and 12 female) who underwent an acute exhaustive exercise test (a cycle ergometer (45 min at 65% VO(2)max) immediately followed by a treadmill test (75% VO(2)max to exhaustion). Oxidative stress-related biomarkers (8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso PGF2a), total oxidant status (TOS, total antioxidant status (TAS)) in plasma were collected before and after exercise. Oxidative stress index was calculated to assess the aspect of redox balance. Blood lactate concentrations and heart rate were measured at the 3rd and 6th min after exercise. Dietary antioxidant intake was calculated using the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay. Dietary total antioxidant intake of the subjects was negatively correlated with pre-exercise TOS concentrations (rs = -0.641 in male, and rs = -0.741 in females) and post- vs. pre- ( increment ) 8-iso PGF2a levels (rs = -0.702 in male;p= 0.016, and rs = -0.682 in females;p= 0.024), and positively correlated with increment TAS concentrations (rs = 0.893 in males;p= 0.001, and rs = 0.769 in females;p= 0.002) and post- exercise lactate concentrations (rs = 0.795 for males;p= 0.006, and rs = 0.642 for females;p= 0.024). A positive meaningful (p= 0.013) interaction was observed between time at exhaustion and dietary antioxidant intake (rs = 0.692) in males, but not in females. In conclusion, the determination of total dietary antioxidant intake in ultra-endurance athletes may be crucial for gaining a better perspective on body antioxidant defense against exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress. However, the effects of dietary antioxidant on exercise performance and recovery rate needs further investigation.