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    Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. Part 35. Syntheses, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties, and antituberculosis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of mono-ferrocenyl-spirocyclotetraphosphazenes
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2016) Okumus, Aytug; Elmas, Gamze; Cemaloglu, Resit; Aydin, Betul; Binici, Arzu; Simsek, Hulya; Hokelek, Tuncer
    The reactions of octachlorocyclotetraphosphazene, N4P4Cl8, with N-alkyl-N-mono-ferrocenyldiamines, FcCH(2)NH(CH2)(n)NHR1 [n = 2, Fc = ferrocene, R-1 = Me (1); n = 2, R-1 = Et (2) and n = 3, R-1 = Me (3)], led to the formation of monoferrocenyl-spirocyclotetraphosphazenes (4-6). When the reactions were carried out with excess pyrrolidine, morpholine and 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4,5] decane (DASD), the fully substituted products (4a-6c) were obtained in high yields. The structures of all the phosphazene derivatives were characterized by MS, FTIR, H-1, C-13 and P-31 NMR, HSQC and HMBC techniques. The crystal structures of 4a and 5a were determined by X-ray crystallography. The electrochemically reversible one-electron oxidation of Fc redox centers was observed for cyclotetraphosphazenes. The fully substituted phosphazenes (4a-6c) were evaluated for their antituberculosis activity against reference strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, and compounds 4a-6a and 5c were found to be active. The antibacterial activities of phosphazenes 4a-6c against G(+) and G(-) bacteria and their antifungal activities against yeast strains were carefully scrutinized. The results indicate that compounds 4a-6a, 6b, 4c and 5c are very effective against yeast strains. The anticandidal activities of 6a and 6b make them promising anticandidal agents. The interactions of these compounds with plasmid DNA and their cytotoxic activity against L929 fibroblast and DLD-1 colon cancer cell lines were also investigated.
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    Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. Part 42. The comparative syntheses of 2-cis-4-ansa(N/O) and spiro(N/O) cyclotetraphosphazene derivatives: spectroscopic and crystallographic characterization, antituberculosis and cytotoxic activity studies
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2019) Binici, Arzu; Okumus, Aytug; Elmas, Gamze; Kilic, Zeynel; Ramazanoglu, Nagehan; Acik, Leyla; Hokelek, Tuncer
    The reaction of N4P4Cl8 (1) with one equimolar amount of the sodium salt of an N/O donor-type bidentate ligand (2) afforded two kinds of derivatives, namely, mono-ferrocenyl-2-cis-4-dichloro-ansa- (2,4-ansa; 3) and mono-ferrocenyl-spiro- (spiro; 4) hexachlorocyclotetraphosphazenes. The reaction yield (35%) of 4 was significantly larger than that of 3 (14%). The 2,4-ansa compound (3) was reacted with excess secondary amines to produce 2-cis-4-dichloro-ansa-cyclotetraphosphazenes (3a-3d). On the other hand, the spiro compound (4) gave fully substituted mono-ferrocenyl-spiro-cyclotetraphosphazenes (4a-4d) with excess monoamines as well. The tetrameric phosphazene derivatives were characterized by ESI-MS and/or HRMS, FTIR, HSQC, HMBC, H-1, C-13, and P-31 NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography (for 4). It is observed that the 2,4-ansa and spiro-cyclotetraphosphazenes have different thermal stabilities. Additionally, the CVs of the new mono-ferrocenyl pendant-armed cyclotetraphosphazenes revealed electrochemically reversible one-electron oxidation of the Fe-redox centre. The 2,4-ansa phosphazenes (3 and 3a-3d) have two different stereogenic P centers indicating that they are expected to be in racemic mixtures (RR'/SS'). The chiralities of 3a and 3c were investigated by chiral HPLC. The manuscript also deals with the antimicrobial activities against G(+)/G(-) bacteria and fungi, the interactions with plasmid DNA, the in vitro cytotoxic activities against L929 fibroblast and MCF7 breast cells, and the antituberculosis activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv of the cyclotetraphosphazenes.
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    Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. Part 64. Comparative reactions of spiro and ansa (N/O) cyclotetraphosphazenes with bulky (4-fluorobenzyl) N/N and N/O donor type bidentate reagents: structure, stereogenic properties and cytotoxic activity studies
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2022) Elmas, Gamze; Binici, Arzu; Yakut, Mehtap; Okumus, Aytug; Kilic, Zeynel; Cosut, Bunyemin; Hokelek, Tuncer
    The reaction of octachlorocyclotetraphosphazene, N4P4Cl8 (1) (OCCP, tetramer), with an equimolar amount of sodium 3-(N-ferrocenylmethylamino)-1-propanoxide (L1) resulted in the formation of ferrocenyl-spiro-(2) and ferrocenyl-2-cis-4-dichloro-ansa-(3) cyclotetraphosphazenes. Both of the starting compounds were used to produce the new inorganic-organic hybrid multiheterocyclic-spiro and ansa cyclotetraphosphazenes. Spiro (2) was treated with excess N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-N'-ethyl-1,2-diaminoethane (L2) to give 2-trans-6-dispiro (trans-2a) and 2-trans-4-cis-6-trans-8-tetraspiro (tetraspiro-2a) cyclotetraphosphazenes. Spiro (2) was also reacted with excess sodium 3-(4-fluorobenzylamino)-1-propanoxide (L3) to produce 2-trans-6-dispiro (trans-2b), 2-cis-6-dispiro (cis-2b), 2-cis-4-trans-6-trispiro (trans-2c), 2-cis-4-dispiro-6-trispiro (cis-2c), 2-cis-4-dichloro-ansa-4-trans-6-spiro(N/O) (ansa-2b) and 2-cis-4-dichloro-ansa-6-trans-8-dispiro(N/O) (ansa-2c). The reactions of 2,4-ansa (3) with excess L2 led to the formation of 2-cis-4-dichloro-ansa-2-trans-6-spiro(N/N) (trans-3a) and 2-cis-4-dichloro-ansa-2-cis-6-spiro(N/N) (cis-3a) cyclotetraphosphazenes. However, the reactions of 2,4-ansa (3) with excess L3 afforded monospiro {2-cis-4-dichloro-ansa-4-trans-6-spiro(N/O) (trans-3b) and 2-cis-4-dichloro-ansa-4-cis-6-spiro(N/O) (cis-3b)} and dispiro {2-cis-4-dichloro-ansa-6-trans-8-dispiro(N/O) (trans-3c) and 2-cis-4-dichEoro-ansa-6-cis-8-dispiro(N/O) (cis-3c)}. The obtained products were characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structures of trans-2b and cis-3b were clarified by single crystal X-ray analysis. The products had stereogenic P-centres except for trans-2a, tetraspiro-2a, trans-2b and cis-2b. The stereogenic properties of tetrameric phosphazenes were evaluated by X-ray crystallography and chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. The structure of cis-3b revealed the absolute configurations of the enantiomers (SS'R ''/RR'S ''). The broad HPLC peak of cis-3b indicates that it may exist as a resamate in solution. The cytotoxic activities of the cyclotetraphosphazenes were evaluated using an MTT assay against L929 mouse fibroblasts, A549 non-small lung cancer and Caco-2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Compound cis-3b was found to be very effective in all cell lines up to 104.1 mu M.
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    The comparative reactions of 2-cis-4-ansa and spiro cyclotetraphosphazenes with difunctional ligands: Structural and stereogenic properties, electrochemical, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity studies
    (Wiley, 2021) Okumus, Aytug; Elmas, Gamze; Kilic, Zeynel; Binici, Arzu; Ramazanoglu, Nagehan; Acik, Leyla; cosut, Bunyemin
    In this study, two kinds of compounds, namely, mono-ferrocenyl-2-cis-4-dichloro-ansa- (2,4-ansa; 3) and mono-ferrocenyl-spiro- (spiro; 4) hexachlorocyclotetraphosphazenes, were obtained by the Cl replacement reaction of N4P4Cl8 (1) with an equimolar amount of sodium 3-(N-ferrocenylmethylamino)-1-propanoxide (2). The reactions of 2,4-ansa (3) with excess diamines and dialkoxides resulted in the formation of ansa-cyclotetraphosphazenes (3a-3e). Spiro (4) was reacted with excess diamines and dialkoxides to give the mono-ferrocenyl-spiro-cyclotetraphosphazenes (4a-4d). Although 2,4-ansa (3) produced the dispiro (3a) with N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-N '-methylethane-1,2-diamine, it afforded both monospiro (3b) and dispiro (3c) with N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-N '-methylpropane-1,3-diamine. However, spiro (4) yielded a trispiro (4a) with N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-N '-methylethane-1,2-diamine and 2,6-dispiro (4b) with N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-N '-methylpropane-1,3-diamine. The structures of the phosphazenes were elucidated by FTIR, ESI-MS and/or HRMS, spectroscopic and crystallographic (for 3f and 4b) data. Furthermore, the electrochemical findings of cyclotetraphosphazenes exhibited electrochemically reversible one-electron oxidation of Fe-redox centre. As an example, the chirality of 3c was investigated by P-31 NMR spectroscopy on the addition of (R)-(+)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9 '-anthryl)-ethanol, chiral solvating agent (CSA). The circular dichroism (CD) (for 3d and 3e), HPLC (for 3d, 3e and 3f) and X-ray (for 3f) display that these compounds have chirality (RS ' or SR ') in the solution and solid state. This paper also focuses on the antimicrobial activities, the interactions with pBR322 DNA, in vitro anticancer activity against L929 fibroblast and MCF7 breast cells, and antituberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv of the cyclotetraphosphazenes.