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    Anaerobic glycolysis is the main pathway for energy generation in HI-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells
    (Derman Medical Publishing, 2010) Boyunaga H.; Keles H.; Kenar L.; Ural A.U.; Avcu F.
    Aim In physiological conditions, normal cells use mainly the glycolytic aerobic pathway to provide energy. However, most cancer cells utilize anaerobic glycolytic way for energy generation. Aim of this study was to investigate the carbohydrate metabolic pathways of HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells for energy production. Material and Methods Leukemia cells as well as normal leukocytes were incubated with radiolabelled glucose in aerobic and anaerobic conditions and glycogen consumptions and the ratios of radiolabelled glucose catabolized into CO2 or lactate, that is, the rates of aerobic or anaerobic glycolysis, were determined. Results The glycogen consumption was significantly higher in aerobic leukemia cell culture than normal leukocyte culture (p<0.01). The rate of anaerobic glycolysis was 93.8% in leukemia cells in aerobic conditions and it increased to 96.6% while utilization of glycogen increased by 7.31% in anaerobic conditions. Conclusion In conclusion, principally anaerobic glycolysis is effective for energy generation in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. This result may be important for the development of new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of promyelocytic leukemia, requiring further comprehensive studies.
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    Fasciola hepatica miracidia are dependent on respiration and endogenous glycogen degradation for their energy generation
    (2001) Boyunaga H.; Schmitz M.G.J.; Brouwers J.F.H.M.; Van Hellemond J.J.; Tielens A.G.M.
    It is generally accepted that free-living stages of parasitic helminths are dependent on aerobic degradation of endogenous energy sources for their energy generation. This concept, however, is not the result of extensive experimental evidence, but originated mainly intuitively as oxygen is widely available in their habitat and these stages generally have a small size. Schistosoma mansoni, the sole parasitic helminth whose energy metabolism has been studied throughout its life-cycle indeed has aerobically functioning free-living stages. However, large differences exist in energy metabolism between adult stages of distinct parasitic helminths, and caution should be taken in predicting that all free-living stages of all parasitic helminths have the same, aerobic energy metabolism. Hence, this report studied the energy metabolism of Fasciola hepatica miracidia and demonstrated that F. hepatica miracidia are also dependent on aerobic degradation of their endogenous glycogen stores by glycolysis and on Krebs cycle activity for energy generation. However, in contrast to S. mansoni, F. hepatica miracidia cannot function anaerobically, as inhibition of the respiratory chain blocked motility and carbohydrate degradation, and finally resulted in death of the miracidia. Therefore, this report demonstrated that differences exist between miracidia of distinct species, in pre-adaptation of their energy metabolism to the occasional hypoxic conditions within their next host.
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    The relationship between depressive status and total cholesterol levels in a bomb plant workers
    (Derman Medical Publishing, 2010) Boyunaga H.; Kenar L.; Keles H.; Gulec M.; Oguzturk O.
    Aim There is significant amount of evidence linking low cholesterol levels to aggressive behaviors, depression and suicide. Material and Methods The objective of this study was to determine whether a correlation exists between serum total cholesterol levels and depressive state in 77 male workers labouring in a bomb plant and in 80 male office personnel. Depressive statuses of the subjects were determined by using Beck Depression Rating Scale and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Results Depression scores were significantly higher and total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in bomb factory workers than that of office staff. In both types of workers, cholesterol levels were negatively correlated with depression scores according to both Beck and Zung scales. Total cholesterol levels of bomb factory workers with moderate and severe depression symptoms were significantly lower when compared with normal and mild depression. Conclusion These data indicate that lowserum total cholesterol level is associated with increased risk of depressive state.