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    Determination of Goose Feather Morphology by Using SEM
    (Medwell Online, 2009) Yildiz, Dincer; Bozkurt, Emine Umran; Akturks, S. Hakan
    Goose feathers have importance because of not only a widespread usage in consequence of its lighter weight, softness and more compressible than other similar insulation materials, but also its highly organized dermoidal structure. Feather samples are taken from thoracal, cervical, dorsal, ventral wing and dorsal wing regions of local geese in both sexes. Samples covered with chrome by Polaron SC 500 and are examined by JSM 7000 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Plumes have peculiarities in entrapping the air. Barbs in breast feathers arise bilaterally from rachis at about 35 degrees C. There is an increasing number of hooklets on the barbuls from proximal to distal end. The barbuls, which arise from contiguous barbs cross each other at 90 degrees C. Contour feathers on breast region are shorter than other general contour feathers in others areas. The most notable differences between cervical feathers are that they are 4 times longer in male than female and diameter of scapus is bigger in male. It represents that there is intensive vexilla in female because of their barbs which are thinner than those in male. The most important reason of softness and puffiness of plumae and semiplumae is that barbs are not connected each other in spite of they have hamulus. It is proposed that SEM can be very useful toot for textile industry to determine quality of the goose feathers.
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    Ultrastructure of the tongue and histochemical features of the lingual salivary glands in buzzards
    (Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2018) Bozkurt, Emine Umran; Gultiken, Murat Erdem; Yildiz, Dincer; Bolat, Durmus
    The macroscopic characteristics of the tongues of 8 long-legged buzzards are described and scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the epithelial tissue of the tongue's surface. Crossman's modified triple staining method and hematoxylin and eosin dye were used to determine the locations and general histological features of the lingual salivary glands. The nature of the glandular secretions was examined by staining with PAS, AB pH 1.0, AB pH 2.5, and PAS-AB pH 1.0 and pH 2.5, and diastase enzyme digestion. PAS staining and weak, moderate, and strong methylation procedures as well as sialidase and hyaluronidase applications were performed. We report the finding of focal accumulations of the anterior lingual salivary glands at the tongue's base with numerous duct openings in this area. This finding, in conjunction with the absence of taste papillae in the tongue epithelium, suggests that the role of the tongue in buzzards is to mix food with saliva and to move the food bolus rapidly to the back of the oral cavity. The acidic secretions of the lingual salivary glands not only have antimicrobial effects but also facilitate the swallowing process and may influence the digestive process in the distal parts of the alimentary tract.