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    Epipteric bones in the pterion may be a surgical pitfall
    (Georg Thieme Verlag Kg, 2003) Ersoy, M.; Evliyaoglu, C.; Bozkurt, M.C.; Konuşkan, B.; Tekdemir, I.; Keskil, I.S.
    Background: The pterion, the most commonly used neurosurgical landmark, is defined as the junction of frontal, parietal, and greater wing of the sphenoid and the squamous part of temporal bones. Our aim was to identify the variations of the pterion which may be a potential surgical pitfall. Methods: Both sides of 300 adult skulls were examined but 110 sides were eliminated since their pterion could not be identified owing to a damage. The shortest distance between the lateral orbital rim and the most anterior junction of the four bones forming the pterion was measured on all sides. Results: Out of 490 sides the pterion was found to contain epipteric bones in 44 (9%), and in these skulls the most anterior junction of the bones may be as close as 16 mm to the lateral orbital rim. Conclusion: In skulls with an epipteric bone variation, particularly the anterius and proprium types; the pterion can mistakenly be assessed to be at the most anterior junction of bones and a burr hole placed over there may cause inadvertent penetration into the orbit.
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    Important anatomical structures used in paravaginal defect repair: cadaveric study
    (Elsevier, 2004) Ersoy, M.; Sagsoz, N.; Bozkurt, M.C.; Apaydin, N.; Elhan, A.; Tekdemir, I.
    Objective: To examine the variations and the anatomical characteristics of the tendinous arch of pelvic fascia (TAPF), the tendinous arch of levator ani (TALA) and the obturator fascia (Ofa) that are important structures in paravaginal defect repair and their relations with important neurovascular structures. Study design: We carried our study on 10 pelvic halves of five female cadavers fixed in 10% formaldehyde. Results: TALA could show a very high location or a low location near to inferior edge of obturator internus. TAPF was not observed in four of the cases. It was examined as a quite weak structure in two of the cases. The location of obturator vessel-nerve bundle could show difference. Obturator artery (OA) and vein sometimes do not course parallel to obturator vein (OV) and make an inclination and extend to the obturator foramen (OF). The distance between TAPF and the pectineal ligament (PL) (Cooper ligament) was measured as 5 cm on average. The distance between TAPF and the entrance of obturator canal was measured as 3.2 cm on average. While the distance of pudendal vessel-nerve bundle from levator am (LA) at the anterior border of the spine was 0 mm, 2 cm anteriorly it was measured as 4.4 mm on average. Conclusion: Since TAPF does not develop in every case, it is not a safe structure to be used in surgery. If TALA develop downward as a variation, it could be difficult to distinguish from TAPE Since the obturator fascia is a thin membrane, it is not a strong structure for suture placement. The region that is 2 cm in front of the ischial spine (IS) is a dangerous zone for pudendal vessel-nerve bundle. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    An unusual termination of the ulnar nerve in the palm
    (Urban & Fischer Verlag, 2002) Bozkurt, M.C.; Cezayirli, E.; Tagil, S.M.
    During the dissection of the left forearm and hand of a 57-year old male cadaver fixed in 10% formalin, it has been noted that the medial proper palmar digital nerve to the little finger arose from the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve, instead of the superficial branch of the same nerve. The dorsal branch, given off by the ulnar nerve in the forearm, coursed distally and dorsally deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. Some 2 cm proximal to the pisiform, it pierced the deep fascia on the posteromedial side of the muscle to become superficial. At this point, one of the three branches given off travelled distally on the palmar-ulnar side of the hand to the skin of the little finger. There were connections between this branch and the branches of the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve which innervated the skin of the hypothenar eminence. Further, another branch of the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve passed under the fibrous arch of the flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle origin and the opponens digiti minimi muscle to re-unite with its parent nerve.