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    Efficacy of Curcumin in the healing of paracentesis in rats
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2014) Birdane, Leman; San, Turhan; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Burukoglu, Dilek; Cingi, Cemal
    Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the possible beneficial effect of Curcumin (CMN) in healing of paracentesis in terms of wound thickness, sclerosis and closure by histological evaluation. To evaluate the efficacy of CMN, paracentesis was performed experimentally in the rats; and the results were presented histologically. Methods: Sixteen, each 270-310 g weighted, healthy Sprague-Dawley female rats were included into the study. In both groups, paracentesis was performed into the eardrum bilaterally. In Group 1 (Paracentesis + Saline Group), saline drop was applied; and in Group 2 (Paracentesis + Curcumin group), Curcumin drop treatment was applied. Paracentesis area did not healed bilaterally in two rats (one in Group 1 and one in Group 2). Therefore, these two rats were excluded from the study. Histological examination performed in 14 rats and 28 temporal bones on the 15th day after the completion of drop treatment and closure of the paracentesis-area and wound healing were evaluated according to the histological examination criteria: Thickening of the tympanic membrane (ThicTM); and sclerosis. Results: Both tympanic membrane thickening and sclerosis values of Paracentesis + Curcumin Group (Group 2) were significantly lower than those of the Paracentesis + Saline Group's (median: 2.0) (p = 0.001). Histological examination by light microscopy showed that in Paracentesis + Curcumin Group (Group 2), the structure of the tympanic membrane is near to the normal and decreased sclerosis was observed in connective tissue. Whereas in Paracentesis + Saline Group (Group 1), tympanic membrane thickening and connective tissue sclerosis were observed. Conclusions: Curcumin improves wound healing process in paracentesis of TM. By using Curcumin drops, the closured paracentesis area was observed near to the normal eardrum; and thickness of the TM and sclerosis were less than the control, showing the improved healing at 15th day. The possible mechanisms may be anti-inflammatory effect, improving collagen deposition, and increasing fibroblast and vascular density in wounds thereby enhancing impaired wound healing. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Evaluation of the Efficacy of Curcumin in Experimentally Induced Acute Otitis Media in Rats
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2014) Birdane, Leman; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Cingi, Cemal; Burukoglu, Dilek; Fidan, Vural; Incesulu, Armagan
    Objectives: We investigated the effect of curcumin (CMN) in the treatment of experimentally induced acute otitis media (AOM) in rats. Method: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley female rats were used, yielding 64 temporal bones. Group 1 was the control group. For groups 2 to 4, AOM was induced experimentally, and saline, antibiotics (sulbactam-ampicillin), or CMN were administered for 14 days to groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively. During the histological examination, thickening of the tympanic membrane, damage to the epithelium, inflammation, and sclerosis were evaluated. Results: The AOM+antibiotic and AOM+CMN groups exhibited reduced histological damage compared with the AOM+saline group. No significant differences in thickening of the tympanic membrane or damage to the epithelium or inflammation were observed between the AOM+antibiotic and the AOM+CMN groups. However, the sclerosis values of the AOM+CMN group were significantly lower than those of the AOM+antibiotic group. Conclusion: CMN treatment resulted in similar effects on the experimentally induced AOM model as did the antibiotic treatment. The efficacy of this treatment may be related to its effects on the production of various inflammatory cytokines. In light of the worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance and the mild side effects of CMN, we suggest that CMN therapy may be a promising option in AOM treatment.
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    Potential protective effect of N-acetyl cysteine in acoustic trauma: An experimental study using scanning electron microscopy
    (Wroclaw Medical Univ, 2017) Ada, Servet; Hanci, Deniz; Ulusoy, Seckin; Vejselova, Djanan; Burukoglu, Dilek; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Cingi, Cemal
    Background. Oxidative stress has been associated with pathological processes involved in acoustic trauma. Objectives. In this prospective experimental study, we investigated the potential preventive effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) in rats exposed to acoustic trauma (AT). Light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) evaluations were performed. Material and methods. Healthy Wistar albino rats (n = 18) were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (control group, n = 6), group 2 (acoustic trauma group, n = 6), and group 3 (AT+NAC group, n = 6). The rats in group 2 were exposed to AT. The rats in group 3 received NAC at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day by gavage for 7 days, and then 10 min after the 7th-day dose, they were exposed to AT. Results. From light and scanning electron microscopy evaluations in the control group, the cochlear structure and epithelium were normal. In group 2 (AT group), extensive hair cell loss was observed in the cochlea by light microscopy evaluation. In the SEM evaluation, various epithelial damage and loss of stereocilia were also observed. In group 3 (AT+ NAC group), decreased damage with preserved cochlear structures was seen by light microscopy. In the SEM evaluation, although stereocilia loss was also seen, nearly normal cell structures and vertical and symmetrical alignment of stereocilia structures were observed compared to the AT group. Conclusions. NAC reduced cochlear damage due to acoustic trauma. Because NAC has antioxidant capacity, AT mat have caused an increase in free radicals and death of outer hair cells. NAC is an antioxidant agent and it prevented cochlear damage due to AT in rats.
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    The Potential Protective Effects of 2-aminoethyl Diphenylborinate against Inner Ear Acoustic Trauma: Experimental Study Using Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy
    (Aves, 2015) Kaymakci, Mustafa; Acar, Mustafa; Burukoglu, Dilek; Kutlu, Hatice Mehtap; Shojaolsadati, Paria; Cingi, Cemal; Muluk, Nuray Bayar
    OBJECTIVE: In this prospective experimental study, we investigated the preventive effects of 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB) in rats exposed to acoustic trauma (AT). Light microscopic, transmission electron microscopic (TEM), and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examinations were performed. MATERIALS and METHODS: Eighteen healthy Wistar albino rats were divided into the following three groups: groups 1 (control), 2 (AT), and 3 (AT+APB). The rats in groups 2 and 3 were exposed to AT; in group 3 rats, 2-APB at 2 mg/kg was also administered, initially transperitoneally, after 10 min. RESULTS: During the light microscopic, TEM, and SEM examinations, the structures of the cochlear hair cells, stereocilia, and Deiter's cells were normal in the control group. In the AT group, the organ of Corti and proximate structures were damaged according to the light microscopic examination. During the TEM examination, intense cellular damage and stereocilia loss were detected, while during the SEM examination, extensive damage and stereocilia loss were observed. Decreased damage with preserved cochlear structure was detected during the light microscopic examination in the AT+APB group than in the AT group. During the TEM and SEM examinations, although stereocilia loss occurred in the AT+APB group, near-normal cell, cilia, and tectorial membrane structures were also observed in the AT+APB group compared with the AT group. CONCLUSION: 2-APB may have protective effects against AT damage of the cochlea. The main mechanism underlying this effect is the inhibition of the vasoconstriction of the cochlear spiral modiolar artery, thereby improving cochlear blood flow. We conclude that 2-APB may also be effective if used immediately following AT.