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Öğe Does Generalized Linear Model Support Functional Default Mode Network Studies(Aves, 2019) Kocak, Orhan Murat; Ozdemir Rezaki, Hatice; Turkel, Yakup; Inal, Mikail; Buturak, Sadiye VisalIntroduction: A growing body of research has emerged on the resting state and the default mode of the brain. Functional connectivity studies, which lately dominate this research area, have confirmed that regions such as the cortical mid-line structures, as well as parietal-temporal regions are tightly interconnected within the default mode network (DMN). However, little is known about the activity patterns of resting state related brain regions detected in fMRI studies using the generalized linear model (GLM) in a whole brain analysis. The aim of the current study was to investigate the activity changes among brain regions identified through GLM during the transition from task to rest and the prolongation of rest. Methods: A picture imagination task, as a controlled thought content task, was used in order to minimize confounding factors such as a visual stimulus or a motor response. Results: The present study revealed a consistent fluctuating activation pattern of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), thalamus, primer motor area (PMA), insula, brain stem and bilateral putamen during the transition from task to the early phase of the resting state and the prolongation of the resting state. All regions showed increased activation during the detachment from task. However, this increased activation was not sustained during the extension of rest, replaced with a decreased activation at the late phase of rest. The increased activation of resting state regions might help with the detachment from the current task. Among these regions dACC, insula and putamen were correlated in all conditions. Conclusion: These findings underline the importance of the activation increase of the cortical mid-line regions and insula in the transition from task to the resting state.Öğe The effect of temperament on the treatment adherence of bipolar disorder type I(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Buturak, Sadiye Visal; Emel, Erdogan Bakar; Kocak, Orhan MuratBackground and aims: Treatment adherence is one of the most important factors that may determine treatment response in patients with bipolar disorders (BD). Many factors have been described to be associated with treatment adherence in BD. Temperament that can influence the course of BD will have an impact on treatment adherence. The aim of this study is to investigate temperament effect on treatment adherence in euthymic patients with BD-I. Methods: Eighty patients with BD-I participated in the study. A psychiatrist used the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I Disorders to determine the diagnosis and co-morbidities. Hamilton Depression and Young Mania Rating Scale were used to detect the remission. We used the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, San Diego Autoquestionnaire and the 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale to evaluate temperament and treatment adherence, respectively. The study group was divided into two groups as "treatment adherent" and "treatment non-adherent". Results: The cyclothymic and anxious temperament scores of the treatment non-adherent patients with BD-I were significantly higher than those of the treatment adherent group (p < 0.001, p = 0.006, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis determined that cyclothymic temperament predicted treatment non-adherence (p = 0.009). Conclusion: It should be kept in mind that BD-I patients with cyclothymic temperament may be treatment non-adherent and future studies should explore whether temperament characteristics deteriorate BD-I course by disrupting treatment adherence.Öğe Effects of comorbid anxiety disorders on the course of bipolar disorder-I(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Buturak, Sadiye Visal; Kocak, Orhan MuratBackground and aims: Although comorbid anxiety disorders (AD) are quite frequent in bipolar disorders (BD), data on how this comorbidity affects BD are limited. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of comorbid AD in Turkish patients with bipolar disorder-I (BD-I) and the effects of comorbid AD on the course of BD-I. Methods: 114 patients with BD-I were included in the study. All patients were diagnosed by a psychiatrist. The patients were divided into two groups as BD-I patients with lifetime comorbid AD (BDI-CAD) or those without comorbid AD (BDI). Results: 37 (32.46%) patients had one or more comorbid lifetime AD. The numbers of admissions to the outpatient clinic within calendar year 2013 (P = 0.014), the number of lifetime mood episodes (P = 0.019) and the duration of BD (P = 0.007) were higher in the BDI-CAD group compared with the BDI group. There was a strong relationship between the duration of the disorder and the number of episodes (r = 0.583, P < 0.001). Partial correlation analyses showed that the number of admission to the outpatient clinic correlated significantly with the frequency of episodes (P = 0.007, r = 0.282). Conclusion : We found that the patients with BDI-CAD use the healthcare system more frequently than the BDI patients. This suggests that AD comorbidity may have a negative influence on the course of BD-I and it is a factor that should be considered in the clinical follow-up.Öğe The Evaluation of Attachment Style and Temperament in Patients With Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Does the Idea That Hyperemesis Gravidarum Has a Psychological Origin Persist?(Kowsar Publ, 2018) Sayan, Cemile Dayangan; Buturak, Sadiye VisalBackground: Hypremesis Gravidarum (HG) is a common disease in pregnancy during the first trimester. Patients suffering from HG commonly present with dehydration, nutritional depletion, electrolyte imbalance, and the loss of at least 5% of body weight. Although the psychological etiology of HG is not clear, it has been shown that psychiatric symptoms are extensively present in patients with HG. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperament, attachment style and hyperemesis gravidarum. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted at Kirikkale University Hospital in Kirikkale, Turkey, between May 2015 and May 2017. A total of 98 pregnant women suffering from HG in their first trimester of pregnancy (HG group) and 95 healthy pregnant women in their first trimester of pregnancy (control group) were included in the study. Adult attachment styles were determined as secure, fearful, preoccupied, and dismissing. The evaluation of temperament was done using the TEMPS-A scale. Results: The mean secure attachment style score in the HG group was 3.9 +/- 0.9 and significantly lower than the mean attachment style score (4.6 +/- 1.1) in the control group (P = 0.001). In the TEMPS-A scale, patients with HG showed significantly higher mean depressive (9.7 +/- 3.8) and mean anxious scores (13 +/- 2.3) than those of the control group (6.6 +/- 2.9 and 8 +/- 0.9, respectively) (P = 0.001 and P = 0.040, respectively). Conclusions: This study revealed that HG patients had more common depressive and anxious temperament characteristics and lower secure attachment style than non-HG patients. Due to the fact that attachment and temperament styles are relatively stable throughout life, we thought that psychiatric problems may play a role on development of HG.Öğe Impulsivity in euthymic bipolar disorder patients and relation with age at onset of the disorder(Yerkure Tanitim & Yayincilik Hizmetleri A S, 2015) Celikeloglu, Gamze; Buturak, Sadiye Visal; Rezaki, Hatice Ozdemir; Gunes, Aslihan; Kocak, Orhan Murat; Nazli, Serif BoraObjective: Bipolar disorder is a serious disease that causes loss of functionality and disability. Impulsivity, which has been defined as making plans and take action without thinking is divided into two components: state impulsivity and trait impulsivity. Although trait impulsivity is the component of impulsivity that remains constant at different episodes of the disorder, state impulsivity is the changing part due to the state of the disorder. In this study we aimed to test the hypothesis that the impulsivity is statistically higher in patients with bipolar disorders than normal controls when the impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was controlled. Method: Fifty-three patients with bipolar disorder were taken to the study. Age and sex matched 52 individuals who had not any history of psychiatric illness lifetime included in the study as a control group. Diagnoses were confirmed by an experienced psychiatrist with using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV according to the DSM-IV -TR. SKIP-TURK form was used to collect socio demographic data and information associated with the illness. Wender Utah Rating Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11) was applied to the patients and the control group. Results: There was no significantly difference between the patients and control groups in terms of Wender Utah rating scales average scores and the ratio of the individuals who had higher scores from the cut-off point. This study, which aimed to show the impulsivity in bipolar disorder is trait, demonstrated that Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 score was significantly higher in euthymic bipolar disorder patients than the control group. The negative correlation was also found in this study between age at onset and attention, motor, non-planning subscale scores in Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11. Discussion: Eliminating the effect of impulsivity seen in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder that often accompanies bipolar disorders, these results indicate that the impulsivity in euthymic bipolar disorder patients is significantly higher than the control group. Determination of the higher impulsivity in euthymic bipolar disorder patients than the control group and the negative correlation between the age at onset and impulsivity levels shows that the impulsivity in bipolar disorder has a trait component in addition to state.Öğe Olfactory bulbus volume and olfactory sulcus depth in psychotic patients and patients with anxiety disorder/depression(Springer, 2018) Asal, Nese; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Inal, Mikail; Sahan, Mehmet Hamdi; Dogan, Adil; Buturak, Sadiye VisalObjectivesIn the present study, we investigated olfactory bulb (OB) volume and olfactory sulcus (OS) depth of the psychotic patients (predominantly schizophrenia) and patients with anxiety disorder/depression.MethodsThis study was conducted retrospectively. Group 1 consisted of 30 psychotic patients (predominantly schizophrenia) (19 males and 11 females). Group 2 consisted of 37 patients with anxiety disorder/depression (10 males, 27 females). Group 3 consisted of 30 non-psychotic and non-anxiety disorder/depression subjects (9 males and 21 females). OB volume and OS depth measurements were performed on Cranial MRI.ResultsOB volume (right and left) of the psychotic; and anxiety disorder/depression groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (p(adjusted)<0.0175). OS depth (Left) value of anxiety disorder/depression group was significantly lower than those of the control group (p(adjusted)<0.0175). In psychotic and anxiety disorder/depression groups, left OS depth values were significantly lower than those of the right side (p<0.05). In each of the males and females of the anxiety disorder/depression group, left OS depth values were significantly lower than those of the right side (p<0.05). In psychotic group, OS depth (left) values get lower in older patients (p<0.05).ConclusionDecreased OB volume in the psychotic patients and decreased OB volume and OS depth in anxiety disorder/depression patients were detected. Lower OB volume and OS depth are related to the olfactory loss/or olfactory impairment. Physicians should be aware of the olfactory deficits in psychotic patients (mainly schizophrenia) and patients with anxiety disorder/depression. When reduced OB volume is detected on MRI, psychosis, schizophrenia or depression should also be kept in mind and the patients should be evaluated in detail for these diseases.Öğe Optical coherence tomography neurodegenerative findings in patients with bipolar disorder(WILEY, 2020) Gokcinar, Nesrin Buyuktortop; Buturak, Sadiye Visal; Ozkal, Fatma; Ozcicek, Gamze; Yumusak, Mehmet Erhan; Turgal, EbruIntroduction Neuroimaging studies of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have recently revealed neurodegenerative changes in the central nervous system. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the retina, as an extension of brain, may be a biomarker in understanding the neurobiology of the disease. To assess OCT as a tool to detect neurodegeneration in BD we compared the retinal changes between patients with BD and healthy individuals. Methods We performed complete ophthalmological examinations and took OCT images for 70 eyes of 70 patients with BD, and for age and sex-matched individual controls. We compared retinal nerve fiber layers (RNFLs) and total retinal (TR) thickness in the peripapillary areas; and ganglion cell complexes (GCCs) and TR thickness in the maculas between the groups. Results The mean age of the patients was 40.41 +/- 13.22 years and that of the controls 40.20 +/- 13.03 years. The men/women ratios were 37/33 in both groups. BD was significantly associated with a decrease in the average peripapillary RNFL, with the average peripapillary TR, and with the average GCC thickness (P = .033, P = .008, and P = .009, respectively). The peripapillary RNFL and TR thinnings were prominent in the superior (P = .039, P = .033, respectively) and inferior quadrants (P = .031, P = .018, respectively). The BD effects on GCC thinning was prominent in the superior half (P = .001) and in the nasal sectors (except in the inner superonasal sector; all P < .05). BD was associated with a decrease in macular TR thickness only at the inner superior sector (P = .014). Disease duration was inversely correlated with the peripapillary RNFL, TR, and macular GCC thicknesses (P < .05). Discussion Our findings support the neurodegeneration hypothesis in the etiopathogenesis of BD. OCT, a non-invasive neuro-imaging method, may be useful for BD diagnosis and follow-ups.Öğe Pregabalin-Induced Akathisia(Sage Publications Inc, 2013) Dağ, Ersel; Gökçe, Burcu; Buturak, Sadiye Visal; Tiryaki, Duygu; Erdemoğlu, Ali Kemal…Öğe The relationship between self-stigma due to seeking psychological help and social/cultural intelligence in medical students(Yerkure Tanitim & Yayincilik Hizmetleri A S, 2016) Cakan, Ergul; Buturak, Sadiye Visal; Ozcicek, Gamze; Kocak, Orhan Murat; Rezaki, Hatice Ozdemir; Ozpolat, Ayse Gul Yilmaz; Oguzturk, OmerObjective: In this study it was aimed to investigate the relationship between social and cultural intelligence and self-stigma that was defined as a hallmark of shame, disgrace or disapproval by World Health Organization. Method: Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS), Cultural Intelligence Scale (CIS), Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSS) and Self-Stigma of Seeking Psychological Help Scale (SSPHS) were applied to the 1st, 4th, and 6th grade medical students who agreed to participate in the study. Results: Significantly positive corelation between SSPHS scores and LSAS scores, negative correlation between SSPHS scores and TSIS, CIC scores were found in this study. Furthermore, it was found that TSIS scores were predicting the SSPHS scores significantly, albeit weakly. Conclusions: It was shown that self-stigma had a negative effect on functionality as social stigma. Further research studies are needed to examine the factors that influence self-stigma in healthy and psychiatric patient cohorts. This study showed that social intelligence had an important effect on self-stigma.Öğe Restless legs syndrome in a bipolar disorder patient treated with olanzapine: is there an association?(Cumhuriyet Univ Tip Fak Psikiyatri Anabilim Dali, 2015) Buturak, Sadiye Visal; Tiryaki, Duygu; Dag, Ersel; Turkel, YakupThe aim of this case report is to report a case of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in a patient with bipolar disorder (BD) caused by olanzapine and to draw attention to possible relationship between BD and RLS. A female patient was diagnosed with mixed episode of BD. Olanzapine 10 mg/day was added to the extended release valproic acid 1000 mg/d treatment that the patient was using. In the next day after the beginning of olanzapine, itching, aching and tingling sensations begun in her legs at rest. She was diagnosed as RLS caused by olanzapine. Then the dose of olanzapine gradually reduced. But the symptoms were continuing at the dose of 2.5 mg/day. RLS symptoms disappeared in the next day after discontinuation of olanzapine. RLS has comorbidity with some psychiatric and neurologic disorders such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depressive disorders, migraine. There are studies that showed genetic relationship between BD and both migraine and ADHD. As a result there might be an association between BD and RLS. These may account for the appearance of RLS with low dose olanzapine in this case. To our knowledge there are no studies about the association between BD and RLS and further research are needed on this subject.Öğe Restless Legs Syndrome in an Elderly Patient Induced by Combined Use of Low Dose Quetiapine and Citalopram(Kure Iletisim Grubu A S, 2012) Buturak, Sadiye Visal; Yazici, Kemal; Yazici, Aylin Ertekin; Tot, Senel; Basterzi, Ayse DevrimRestless legs syndrome in an elderly patient induced by combined use of low dose quetiapine and citaloprann Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a relatively common sensory-motor disorder. However, it is frequently unrecognized. The main clinical characteristics of RLS are "an urge to move" and "uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations" in the legs, which can affect quality of daily life and sleep. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings. Polysomnography can reveal its impact on sleep physiology. Dopaminergic dysfunction and a change in the regulation of iron homeostasis leading to iron depletion in the central nervous system (CNS) are thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of RLS. The aim of this paper is to point out the side effects with off-label use of antipsychotics and call attention to often overlooked RLS by describing an elderly patient who developed RLS symptoms after addition of 50 mg/d quetiapine to preexisting 20 mg/d citalopram treatment.
