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    Effect of paralysis of the abdominal wall muscles by botulinum A toxin to intraabdominal pressure: an experimental study
    (W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2006) Çakmak, Murat; Cağlayan, Fatma; Somuncu, Salih; Leventoğlu, Alev; Ulusoy, Sevgi; Akman, Hülya; Kaya, Murat
    Purpose: To show the effect of botulinum A toxin-induced paralysis of abdominal muscles oil intraabdominal pressure. Material and Methods: Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups. An abdominal skin incision was done, and 2 catheters were placed for the pressure monitoring and saline infusion. Saline Solution was given to the abdomen until reaching to a pressure level of 9 cm H2O and 6 min Hg in pressure device, and the amounts of injected saline were recorded. Then intraabdominal saline was drained. Two milliliters (5 U/mL) botulinum A toxin was applied to the abdominal muscles in group 2. Saline was injected at the same points in same amounts in group 1. After 3 days, catheters were placed, and the saline volumes needed to obtain the same pressure levels were recorded for each rat. Spontaneous motor unit potential (MUP), single MUP analysis and interference patterns of the muscles, respiratory rates, and vascular pressure measurements were recorded before and after botulinum toxin (Botox) injections. Results: Mean intraabdominal saline volumes in the first and third days were 63.8 and 64.4 mL in group 1 and 67.6 and 80.6 mL in group 2, respectively. Mean MUP amplitude and duration of the rectus muscles in group 2 (17.1 mu V and 1.47 milliseconds) were significantly lower than those of group I (187 mu V and 4.9 milliseconds) in the third day. There were no pathological changes in respiratory rates and pressure measurements before and after Botox injections. Conclusion: This pilot experimental study showed that local injection of botulinum A toxin causes paralysis in abdominal wall muscles, increases the intraabdominal volume, and decreases the pressure, and this application may be used as ail adjunct in abdominal Wall Closure in selective cases. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    An investigation of the factors that affect surgical hand disinfection with polyvidone iodine
    (W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2005) Aksoy, Altan; Cağlayan, Fatma; Çakmak, Murat; Apan, Teoman Zafer; Göçmen, Jülide Sedef; Çakmak, A.; Akman, H.
    This study investigated the factors influencing the effectiveness of 7.5% polyvidone iodine as a surgical antiseptic. The study involved 100 operating staff (75 doctors and 25 nurses) from hospital surgical teams. Fingertips of both hands of the subjects were pressed on to agar culture before and after washing and after completion of surgery. Handwashing tasting for more than 3 min led to a significant decrease in the number of colonies compared with handwashing tasting for less than 3 min. Moreover, the number of colonies was significantly higher when surgery lasted for longer than 95 min. However, the handwashing style (with or without brushing) was not found to have a significant effect on the outcome of the disinfection procedure in terms of bacterial, colonization. Subjects who had colonization of their hands after surgery were found to have significantly higher colony counts before handwashing compared with those who did not have any colonization on their hands after surgery. The results of this study revealed that in order to attain effective disinfection with potyvidone iodine, the duration of handwashing should be at [east 3 min. The risk of recolonization increases when the duration of surgery exceeds 95 min. (c) 2005 The Hospital Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.