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Öğe Assessing the Water Quality Parameters of the Munzur Spring, Tunceli, Turkey(Foundation Environmental Protection & Research-Fepr, 2014) Celiker, Murat; Yildiz, Osman; Sonmezer, Yetis BulentThis study presents an analysis of the temporal variations in the upstream water quality parameters of the Munzur Spring. For this purpose, the spring water quality was monitored from 2007 to 2009 at different time periods. There were 5 water samples taken from 2008 to 2009 for hydrochemical and biological analyses, while 6 water samples were gathered between 2007 and 2009 for heavy metal analysis. The analysis results reveal that the water quality parameters were found to be in good agreement with the drinking water standards of Anonymous (1993) and Anonymous (2005). It was seen that the upstream source of the Munzur spring is periodically characterized by Ca+2 - Mg+2 - HCO3- and Ca+2 - Cl- - HCO3- facies according to Anonymous (1978), and CaCO3 and CaCl2 facies according to Back (1960, 1966). The results of a tritium analysis indicated that the spring is recharged by daily precipitations. The spring water was also found suitable for irrigation purposes based on Wilcox and US salinity diagrams.Öğe Determination of seismic hazard and soil response of a critical region in Turkey considering far-field and near-field earthquake effect(TECHNO-PRESS, 2020) Sonmezer, Yetis Bulent; Celiker, MuratEvaluation of earthquake impacts in settlements with a high risk of earthquake occurrence is important for the determination of site-specific dynamic soil parameters and earthquake-resistant structural planning. In this study, dynamic soil properties of Karliova (Bingol) city center, located near to the intersection point of the North Anatolian Fault Zone and the East Anatolian Fault Zone and therefore having a high earthquake risk, were investigated by one-dimensional equivalent linear site response analysis. From ground response analyses, peak ground acceleration, predominant site period, 0.2-sec and 1-sec spectral accelerations and soil amplification maps of the study area were obtained for both near-field and far-field earthquake effects. The average acceleration spectrum obtained from analysis, for a near-field earthquake scenario, was found to exceed the design spectra of the Turkish Earthquake Code and Eurocode 8. Yet, the average acceleration spectrum was found to remain below the respective design spectra of the two codes for the far-field earthquake scenario. According to both near- and far-field earthquake scenarios in the study area, the low-rise buildings with low modal vibration durations are expected to be exposed to high spectral acceleration values and high-rise buildings with high modal vibration durations will be exposed to lower spectral accelerations. While high amplification ratios are observed in the north of the study area for the near-distance earthquake scenario, high amplification ratios are observed in the south of the study area for the long-distance earthquake scenario.Öğe Evaluating solid waste landfill site selection using multi-criteria decision analysis and geographic information systems in the city of Elazig, Turkey(Pamukkale Univ, 2019) Celiker, Murat; Yildiz, Osman; Nacar Kocer, NiluferSolid waste landfill site selection is a relatively complex process and depends on several criteria and official regulations. In this study, the suitability of solid waste landfill site selection for the city of Elazig, Turkey, was determined by Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). For this purpose, nine different criteria, namely distance from residential areas, distance from roads, distance from rivers, distance from spring wells, geology, slope, aspect, land capability classification and land use, were taken into consideration and their degrees of relative importance were defined via MCDA and the schematic maps for each criterion were prepared with GIS applications. The final landfill site suitability map for the study area was obtained by the overlay analysis tool of ArcGIS 9.3. The study results reveal that the landfill suitability index values for the selected site range between 2.64 and 6.10. The major part of the landfill site has relatively low index values implying that the selected site is suitable for solid waste landfill.Öğe Evaluation of the seismic site characterization of Kovancilar (Elazig), Turkey(Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Sonmezer, Yetis Bulent; Celiker, Murat; Simsek, HilalThe effect of seismic waves on structures during an earthquake varies depending on local ground conditions. This study is dedicated to determining the seismic site characterization of Kovancilar district in the city of Elazig, Turkey, whose location is close (5 km) to the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), one of the most active fault zones all around globe. For this purpose, 1-D equivalent linear soil behavior analyzes were performed using 28 geotechnical drilling and 20 multi-channel surface wave (MASW) test data in the study area. The results of these analyses indicated the peak ground acceleration (PGA) values in Kovancilar ranged between 0.41 and 0.68 g, while high PGA values were observed in the region of alluvial soils in the south of the district. The acceleration spectra obtained from the analyses on three different locations were compared to the Turkish Building Seismic Regulation 2018 (TBSR 2018) and Eurocode 8 (EC-8 2004) design spectra. For some periods, the acceleration values in the site-specific spectra were observed to exceed the related values in the TBSR 2018 ZC and ZD design spectra. In addition, ground amplification, PGA, and spectral acceleration (Sa) maps with 0.2-1 s periods were created for the study area. With the evaluation of the obtained parameters, the north of the region was established to be more suitable for multi-story buildings, while the northeast, east, and southeast regions being more suitable for low-rise buildings.Öğe An investigation on the evaluation of dynamic soil characteristics of the Elazig City through the 1-D equivalent linear site-response analysis(Springer Heidelberg, 2019) Sonmezer, Y. Bulent; Celiker, Murat; Bas, SelcukConsideration of the effects of the site response in the design of civil structures systems is of important to mitigate the damages to a certain extent on structures and the environment. Hence, it is relatively crucial to reliably attain the dynamic soil parameters of an earthquake-prone city/state. In the current study, a comprehensive investigation on the dynamic soil properties of the city of Elazig with very close proximity to the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) having a high potential of producing destructive earthquakes is carried out. Performing probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), the moment magnitude of the city is determined as M-w = 7.7 according to 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years. Bedrock-level acceleration spectra is developed utilizing different attenuation relationships for the city, and 1-D equivalent linear site response analysis is conducted on an example soil profile of the city through the SHAKE2000 software considering 16 earthquake motions recorded at the bedrock level. Local surface acceleration spectra obtained from the analysis are then compared to the design spectra of the Turkish Seismic Code for Buildings (TSCB) and Eurocode-8 (EC8) in an attempt to identify the difference between the code spectra and local surface spectra. In addition, in situ geotechnical tests of standard penetration and seismic refraction are conducted at different locations of the study area. Incorporating the results from the field tests into the site response analysis, the soil amplification factor, predominant soil period, peak ground acceleration and spectral maps for the period of T = 0.2 and T = 1.0 s are obtained for the study area. The outcomes from the analysis reveals that structures with higher vibration period than T = 1.0 s are subjected to lower spectral acceleration (S-a), whereas higher S-a values can be used for those with a vibration period lower than T = 0.2 s.
