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    Calculation of an Optic Nerve Injury Risk Profile Before Sphenoid Sinus Surgery
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2017) Cetinkaya, Erdem Atalay; Koc, Koray; Kucuk, Mehmet Fatih; Koc, Pinar; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Cingi, Cemal
    Objectives: Our objective was to analyze variations in the optic nerve (ON) course and surrounding structures in an effort to construct an optic nerve injury risk profile before endoscopic intranasal sphenoidal, or endoscopic endonasal transphenoidal, skull-base surgery, and eventually to construct and formulate a common classification by combining the known classes. The authors used computed tomography (CT) toward this end. Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed 200 consecutive CT scans (400 sides) of the paranasal sinuses. The pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process, the relationships of the ONs to the sphenoidal sinuses, and ON dehiscence were evaluated. The authors then created a formula by which risk profiles can be constructed for patients for whom sphenoid or parasellar surgery is planned. Results: Pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process was evident in 28.25%. Dehiscence of the bony wall of the ON was evident in 9.5%. The ON course lay adjacent to the sphenoidal sinus, causing sinus wall indentation, in 23%. Cumulative optic nerve injury risk scoring showed that, radiologically, surgery on 8.5% and 1.5% of sphenoid sinuses described here carried severe or critical risk of ON injury, respectively. Conclusions: Head-and-neck surgeons and neurosurgeons should be aware of variations in ON course. The authors composed an optic nerve injury risk classification category based on the sum of individual weights of each of these classes. Reductions in ON injuries require careful evaluation of potential variant anatomies. Preoperative CT scans must be meticulously reviewed to avoid ON injury.
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    Cinnamaldehyde is an effective anti-inflammatory agent for treatment of allergic rhinitis in a rat model
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2016) Hanci, Deniz; Altun, Huseyin; Cetinkaya, Erdem Atalay; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Cengiz, Betul Peker; Cingi, Cemal
    Objectives: The effect of cinnamaldehyde on the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) was investigated in rat model. Methods: Twenty-eight female Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1 (control) (C), Group 2 (AR with no treatment) (AR + NoTr), Group 3 (AR + Azelastine HCl) (AR + Aze), and Group 4 (AR + cinnamaldehyde) (AR + Cin). At day 21, AR + Aze rats were given an Azelastine HCl drop, and AR + Cin rats were given cinnamaldehyde intranasally. In all groups, allergic symptoms histopathological results were evaluated. Results: The AR + NoTr group showed the worst allergic symptoms, cilia loss and greater inflammation. In the AR + Aze and AR + Cin groups, allergic symptom scores were higher than those in the control group. However, between AR + Aze and AR + CM groups, there were no significant differences in the allergic symptom scores Histopathological analysis revealed vascular congestion and an increase in goblet cell numbers in the AR + Cin group. However, AR + Cin rat nasal mucosa had less plasma cell infiltration compared with the AR + NoTr group. In rats from the AR + Aze group, analysis of the nasal mucosa revealed less eosinophil infiltration than that seen in the AR + NoTr group. A lower score for mast cell (MC) infiltration was observed in the nasal mucosa of rats treated with Azelastine HCl compared with cinnamaldehyde. Conclusions: In this study we observed that both Azelastine HCl and cinnamaldehyde reduced allergic symptoms in an AR rat model. Cinnamaldehyde decreased vascular congestion as well as plasma cell, eosinophil, and inflammatory cell infiltration into the lamina propria. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging Analysis of Thyroid Nodules
    (Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2018) Cetinkaya, Erdem Atalay; Koc, Koray; Atilgan, Sevgi; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Cingi, Cemal
    Objectives: In this study, Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) was designed based on a noninvasive system that could display and detect the relative temperature variations in patients suffering from thyroid nodules especially nonpalpables. Methods: In this prospective clinical trial, Infrared Thermal Camera (IRC) was used alternative to conventional clinical thermometers. 32 patients confirmed with thyroid nodules and volunteers as control were studied. Ultrasonography (US) was used for confirming the thyroid nodules while the DITI of thyroid surface skin temperature was obtained using the IRC. Results: The thermal image shows the variation of the patient thyroid surface skin temperature according to hypoechoic and hyperechoic nodules. The DITIs showed higher temperature for hypoechoic nodul sides and it correlated with nodule size. There was no significant temperature difference on the sex distribution. Conclusion: DITI is a valuable auxiliary to ultrasound, especially in thyroid hypoechoic nodul and if used in combination with other imaging modality, could play an extra role in the non-invasive diagnosis of thyroid nodules.
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    Investigation of the Effectiveness of Nasal Sprays in Allergic Rhinitis
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2024) Atayoglu, Ayten Guner; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Koca, Rahime; Cukurova, Ibrahim; Cetinkaya, Erdem Atalay; Yoruk, Ozgur; Bal, Cengiz
    Objectives: We investigated the effectiveness of different types of nasal irrigation sprays in adult allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. Methods: A total of 1700 patients with AR (866 males and 834 females) were assigned to: Group 1: Hypertonic nasal spray group (n = 600) (Sinomarin (R) hypertonic nasal spray); Group 2: Algae-containing hypertonic nasal spray group (n = 600) (Sinomarin Plus Algae ENT); and Group 3: Isotonic saline nasal spray group (n = 500). All patients underwent an otolaryngological examination, continued their standard AR treatment, and received the assigned nasal spray additionally (1 spray to each nostril, 3 times a day, for 3 weeks). Allergic symptom scores, turbinate examination, total symptom scores, and quality of life (QoL) scores were evaluated during pre- and post-treatment periods. Results: In groups 1 and 2, symptom scores and turbinate color and edema, total symptom scores, and QoL scores increased after treatment (P < .05). In the saline group, there were no significant differences in symptom scores and total symptom scores after treatment; however, improvement was detected in turbinate color and edema values after treatment. QoL scores increased after treatment. When comparing the 3 groups, the total symptom scores of groups 1 and 2 were significantly lower, and the QoL scores of groups 1 and 2 were considerably higher than those of the saline group. There were no significant differences between groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: Algae-containing and hypertonic nasal spray may be added to the standard AR treatment to increase QoL and decrease total symptom scores.