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    Determinants of birth weight: Does air pollution have an influential effect?
    (2000) Hızel, Selda; Coşkun, Turgay
    To investigate the influence of air pollution on birth weight, information on maternal and infant characteristics was collected from 458 mothers of infants less than one year of age born in 1995 and under observation at a mother and child health center in Ankara. In addition, the obstetrical histories of 520 infants born in 1990 were collected from the delivery room records of a maternity hospital. Daily air pollution data were obtained and mean monthly values were used for statistical analysis. Among the possible risk factors, sex, maternal age, maternal employment, paternal employment and parity were found to be influential factors on low birth weight. In addition, first trimester sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) and particulate matter (PM) levels were also found to be factors affecting birth weight. However, these effects were shown not to be statistically significant by logistic regression analysis. A comprasion of mean birth weights according to maternal smoking and exposure to passive smoking on the basis of the third trimester SO 2 and PM levels revealed no significant difference; however, the difference in birthweight of non-smoking mothers was higher than that of smoking mothers when the third trimester SO 2 levels were above the minimum effect level (100 g and 220 g, respectively). These findings led us to propose a synergistic effect of smoking and air pollution. It was concluded that, air pollution in Ankara is not on its own a major risk factor for low birth weight.
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    Plasma free carnitine levels in 0-12-month-old infants in relation to feeding styles
    (2006) Hizel, Selda; Kiliç, Fatma Kaya; Şanlı, Cihat; Coşkun, Turgay; Önal, Saniye
    This study was planned to determine the blood carnitine levels of children aged 0-1 year in Kirikkale. Blood samples were taken on Guthrie cards and plasma free carnitine levels were analyzed by tandem mass specteometry. The mean free carnitine level was 25.12 ± 10.1 ?mol/L (10.1-49.5 ?mol/L). To assess the plasma free carnitine levels according to feeding style, babies were grouped as exclusively breastfed (n = 67, 49.3%), artificially fed (n = 24, 17.7%), and mixed fed (n = 45, 33%). The exclusively breastfed infants displayed the lowest free carnitine levels (p < 0.05). However, when this was analyzed in accordance with age, no significant change was observed in plasma free carnitine levels according to feeding style. Results of this study are important as they reveal an indication about the normal values of plasma free carnitine in Turkish infants and their relationship to feeding styles. © Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.