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    Investigation of muscle activation during kinetic chain based exercises in individuals with and without forward head posture
    (2024) Cobanoglu, Gamze; Guzel, Nevin A.; Ecemis, Zeynep Berfu; Demirkan, M Yusuf
    BACKGROUND: The Band Pull-Apart (BPA) exercise is used to strengthen the periscapular muscles. It was recently stated that the lower extremity and trunk movements should be included in the shoulder rehabilitation programs to optimize an effective energy transfer throughout the kinetic chain. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of kinetic chain based BPA exercise on the muscle activations of the sternocleidomasteideous (SCM) and the trapezius muscles in individuals with and without forward head posture (FHP). METHODS: Eighteen individuals with FHP and 18 individuals without FHP were included. Photographic measurements were made to identify individuals with FHP. The muscle activations of SCM, Upper Trapezius (UT), Middle Trapezius (MT), and Lower Trapezius (LT) were measured with surface EMG. BPA exercise was performed in the standing, unipedal standing, squat, unipedal squat, and Bulgarian split squat (BSS). RESULTS: There was no Group × Exercise interaction for the SCM, UT, MT, LT muscle activations, or for the UT/MT and UT/LT ratios (p> 0.05). While there was a difference in the activation of all muscles between individuals with and without FHP (p< 0.05), both ratios were similar (p> 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between exercises for SCM, MT, and LT muscle activations (p< 0.000 for these muscles), UT/MT (p< 0.000) and UT/LT ratios (p= 0.004). SCM muscle activation in squat was lower than activation in standing (Mean Difference (MD) = 2.5% Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contractions (MVIC); p= 0.004) and in unipedal standing (MD = 2.1% MVIC; p= 0.002). MT muscle activation in squat was higher than activation in standing (MD = 9.7% MVIC), unipedal standing (MD = 7.8% MVIC), unipedal squat (MD = 6.9% MVIC) and BSS (MD = 9.4% MVIC; p< 0.000 for these positions). LT muscle activation in the squat was higher than activation in the standing (MD = 8.5% MVIC) and unipedal squat (MD = 8.1% MVIC; p< 0.004 for these positions). UT/MT ratio in the squat was lower than standing (MD = 0.3), unipedal standing (MD = 0.2) and BSS (MD = 0.3; p< 0.000 for these positions). UT/LT ratio in squat was lower than unipedal squat (MD = 0.5) and BSS (MD = 0.6; p= 0.002; for these positions). CONCLUSION: Performing the BPA exercise in the squat position is suggested in cases where lower SCM and UT muscle activation, lower UT/MT, and UT/LT ratios and higher MT and LT muscle activations are needed for individuals with and without FHP.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    The relationship between postural stability, core muscle endurance and agility in professional basketball players
    (2019) Cengizhan, Pelin Aksen; Cobanoglu, Gamze; Gökdoğan, Çagatay Müslüm; Zorlular, Ali; Akaras, Esedullah; Örer, Gamze Erikoğlu; Kafa, Nihan
    Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between postural stability, core muscle endurance and agility in basketball players. Materials and Methods: 21 professional male basketball players [age: 17.±0.63 (years), body weight: 78.69±9.22 (kg), height: 186±7 (cm), BMI: 22.72±2.26 (kg/cm²)] were included to this study. Three balance variables were measured using Biodex Biosway™. Core muscle endurance was measured using three core endurance tests proposed by Mcgill. Agility was assessed by Hexagonal Obstacle Test (HOT). Results: The analysis results showed that postural stability is associated with HOT (r: 0.457). In addition, the postural stability was related to extension muscle endurance test and side bridge test (respectively, r: -0.501 and r: -0.468). There is no correlation between HOT and core muscle endurance test in basketball players. Conclusion: The athletes with good postural stability were better core muscle endurance and agility. It is important to apply exercise programs that enhance postural stability and increase core muscle endurance to improve sportive success.