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    Expression of antimicrobial peptides in recurrent adenotonsillitis
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2016) Demir, Mehmet Gokhan; Aydin, Sedat; Erdogan, Banu Atalay; Oguztuzun, Serpil; Kilic, Murat; Barisik, Nagehan Ozdemir
    Background: Recurrent acute tonsillitis is one of the most frequent otorhinolaryngology clinic referrals, yet its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Antimicrobial cationic peptides are components of the innate system. They are generally small, highly positively charged peptides with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity which function as the body's "natural antibiotics". Our aim is to investigate the role of antimicrobial cationic peptides in the susceptibility of patients to recurrent acute tonsillitis. Materials and methods: The study is done with 100 children who had a history of recurrent adenotonsillitis as subject group and 100 children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy as control group. Tonsillar and adenoid tissues are dissected into parts as deep and surface epithelium and investigated semiquantitatively with immunohistochemistry. Human beta defensin (hBD) 1-3 and cathelecidin (LL-37) levels are compared with microscopically. Results: Immunohistochemistry revealed a strong expression of hBD-1, hBD-2 and hBD-3 in tonsillar tissue. Quantification of hBD-1, hBD-2 and hBD-3 expressions are shown more in tonsillar tissue than in adenoids. LL-37 is one of the antimicrobial peptides found in human tonsillar tissue and adenoids, that participates in the innate immune system of these tissues. Statistically, hBD-1, hBD-3 and LL-37 expressions were different in recurrent tonsillitis tissue than control (p < 0.05). Moreover hBD-2 expression was different in adenoid tissue than control (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Antimicrobial peptides have key role in adenotonsillar infections and this defense mechanism increases susceptibility to recurrent infections in upper respiratory tract.
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    Glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity and protein expression in patients with recurrent tonsillitis and idiopathic tonsillar hypertrophy
    (Palacky Univ, Medical Fac, 2019) Aydin, Sedat; Demir, Mehmet Gokhan; Oguztuzun, Serpil; Kilic, Murat; Yilmaz, Can; Dirican, Onur
    Objectives. The palatine tonsil is a significant part of the secondary immune system. Tonsillitis and idiopathic tonsillar hypertrophy (ITH) are the most common pathologies of this component. Although there are studies on their pathogenesis, there is insufficient study of the role of antioxidant agents. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozymes contribute to the antioxidation reactions in the tissue via the glutathione pathway. The purpose in this study was to reveal the levels of the GST enzyme activity and protein expression of GSTP1 and GSTA1 isozymes in patients with tonsillitis and tonsil hypertrophy, and to investigate their role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Materials and Methods. Sixteen patients with recurrent tonsillitis and 5 patients with ITH and were included in the study. Cytosolic extracts were prepared from post-tonsillectomy tissues of both patient groups and GST enzyme activities were measured. Results. The expression of GSTP1 was found to be significantly higher than GSTA1 in tissue samples of patients with ITH and recurrent tonsillitis (P<0.001). Increased GST activity and GSTP1 isozyme expression were shown in patients with recurrent tonsillitis compared to the idiopathic tonsillar hypertrophy study group.There was a positive correlation between the expressions of GSTP1 (P=0.040; r=0.47). Conclusion. Increased GST activity and GSTP1 isozymes were demonstrated histologically in the pathogenesis of ITH and recurrent tonsillitis. We believe that the data of changes in antioxidant capacity, obtained from studies with more extensive and larger samples, would support our findings.
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    GSTP1 Levels in Cisplatin-induced Rat Cochlea after Alpha Lipoic Acid and Oxytocin Treatment
    (Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd, 2017) Aydin, Sedat; Demir, Mehmet Gokhan; Oguztuzun, Serpil; Altintoprak, Niyazi; Bilmez, Eda Bekmez; Gul, Aylin Ege; Kocdogan, Arzu Kaya
    Introduction: Cisplatin is a well-known chemotherapeutic agent used in many cancer treatments. Several antioxidant agents are used for diminishing the toxic side effects of the cisplatin therapy. Alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-LA) and oxytocin (OT) are antioxidant agents that can be used in toxicity. Our aim is to investigate the effect of these antioxidants in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in tissue level. Materials and Methods: Forty Wistar albino rats divided into five groups as control, cisplatin, cisplatin + intraperitoneal (IP) OT, cisplatin + intratympanic (IT) OT, and cisplatin + IT alpha-LA. The drug administration is applied for 4 days, and at the end of the procedure, the cochleas are harvested. After tissue preparation, GSTP1 levels are investigated and the intensity of the reaction is scored as negative (-), weak (1+), moderate (2+), or strong (3+). Results: Group 4 has a moderate staining which can be interpreted as high immunoreaction. When we compare with Group 1, this staining difference is statistically significant (P < 0.02). When we observe the Group 3, we cannot detect any difference with Group 1 in immunoreactivity. Conclusion: alpha-LA and OT are antioxidants effective against cisplatin ototoxicity. The expression of GSTP1 isozyme is increased in antioxidant-treated groups. Increased levels of these isozymes proved the increased healing response in tissue levels. Antioxidant agents can be used for adverse effects during cisplatin treatment. IT route is effective as IP systemic route.