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Öğe A common tortoise tick, Hyalomma aegyptium Linne 1758 (Acari: Ixodidae), identified on eastern hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor Martin 1838) in Central Anatolia(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2010) Gazyagci, Serkal; Asan, Nursel; Demirbas, YasinTicks are obligate blood sucker arthropods that infect animals and humans. A common tortoise tick, Hyalomma aegyptium, was collected from a young and an adult male hedgehog, Erinaceus concolor, from Central Anatolia in July 2008. More ticks were determined on the young one. This is the second record of tortoise tick that parasitizes a hedgehog.Öğe A comparative study of the reproductive activities of European hare (Lepus europaeus) populations in Turkey(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2015) Demirbas, Yasin; Albayrak, IrfanTo explore whether the reproductive cycle of Lepus europaeus differs within Turkey, a total of 182 hares from Turkish Thrace (transition climate), Central Anatolia (continental climate), the Black Sea (oceanic climate), and the Turkish Mediterranean (Mediterranean climate) were collected between June 2006 and September 2014. We present the length of breeding season, sex ratio, mean litter size, and testicle position of European hares distributed in Turkey for the first time. Among these features, length of breeding season and mean litter size of European hares showed moderate variation in Turkey.Öğe Cytogenetic study on the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778) (Mammalia: Lagomorpha) in Turkey(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2010) Demirbas, Yasin; Asan, Nursel; Albayrak, IrfanConventional and GTC, CTC, and AgNO3 banded karyotypes of brown hares (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778) from Turkey are described for the first time. All specimens possessed a diploid number of 2n = 48 chromosomes and a fundamental autosomal number of NFa = 88. The chromosome set consisted of 8 metacentric and submetacentric pairs and 15 subtelocentric and acrocentric pairs decreasing in size from large to small. The X chromosome was a large submetacentric while the Y was a small acrocentric. In contrast with the other specimens, the Kilts specimen possessed a duplication in the long arm of one of the subtelocentric chromosomes. The G-banding pattern of the chromosomes was similar to that given for the genus. Variation was found in the C-banded karyotype and the distribution of NORs.Öğe Disentangling population genetic and climatic effects on skull size and shape of brown hares, Lepus europaeus (Lagomorpha: Leporidae), from Turkiye(Elsevier Gmbh, 2023) Demirbas, Yasin; Koca, Ayca Ozkan; Stefanovic, Milomir; Smith, Steve; Suchentrunk, FranzBrown hares (Lepus europaeus) from Turkiye exhibit substantial phenotypic variation, assumingly connected to regional climate differences. We used general linear models (GLMs) of linear measurements and geometric morphometric data of dorsal and ventral skull and lateral mandible landmarks of 160 adult individuals from 75 locations across Turkiye, to specifically test for climate-related effects on skull size and shape, while accounting for potentially confounding effects of sex, geographic location, and population genetic assignment. We found a moderate positive correlation between individual condylobasal lengths (CBL) and centroid size scores (CSS) and used them separately as dependent skull size variables in our GLMs. Skull shape factors were obtained from principal component analyses (PCAs), separately for transformed linear morphometric and landmark data; they were also used as dependent variables in our GLMs, along with sex, geographic sampling coordinates, CBL or CSS, as well as temperature and precipitation factors from PCAs of local climate data as fixed factors. Our multivariate GLMs returned no climate effect on skull size and only one minor precipitation effect on geometric skull shape. Rather, skull size and shape were predominantly and significantly affected by the assignment of the hares to the genetic populations as determined by an earlier microsatellite study. Our results correspond to microphylogeographic differentiation of skull size and shape of the studied hares, largely indepedent of specific adaptation to local or regional climate.Öğe Distribution of constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 (Carnivora, Mustelidae) in Turkey(Firenze Univ Press, 2015) Baydemir, Nursel Asan; Demirbas, Yasin; Gozutok, Serdar; Karoz, Ayse MerveC- and Ag-NOR banding of the least weasel, Mustela nivalis, from the central and Mediterranean regions of Turkey was examined for the first time in this study. The chromosome set was composed of 18 biarmed and three acrocentric autosome pairs. The X chromosome was a medium-sized submetacentric, while the Y was a small metacentric. A distinct secondary constriction was observed on the juxta centromeric region of the long arm of an autosome that was negatively C-banded. Large heterochromatic C-blocks, stained densely, were detected in six biarmed pairs, while ones stained faintly were recorded in four biarmed autosome pairs. Active NORs were located in the secondary constriction of the acrocentric autosome. The numbers of C-banded autosomes of Turkish specimens were similar to those reported previously from the Palearctic region.Öğe Genetic Diversity of Populations of Bezoar Capra aegagrus Erxleben, 1777 (Mammalia: Bovidae) with Different Phenotypic Characteristics in Karaman Province, T?rkiye, Using Partial D-Loop Sequence of Mitochondrial DNA(Inst Zoology, Bas, 2023) Senturk, Damla; Demirbas, Yasin; Koca, Ayca Ozkan; Soysal, HakanThe genetic and morphological diversity of the bezoars from two habitats in the Karaman Province (south-western Anatolia, Turkiye), i.e. camlica and Nunu Valleys, was explored. No previous ecomorphological and molecular genetic studies had been performed on these populations. Horn length differentiation and the sequence analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region are presented. In addition, 87 previously obtained sequences of bezoar were included in the analyses aiming to determine both phylogenetic rela-tionships and population genetic structure of the Anatolian wild goats. A statistically significant difference between the horn lengths of 18 bezoar samples taken from two habitats were found. From the five D-loop sequences obtained in this study, two haplotypes were identified, one of them being a new haplotype found only in the Nunu Valley population. The other haplotypes were found in both bezoar populations studied as well as in some other south-western Anatolian bezoar populations (from the Mersin Province, close to Karaman). Phylogenetic analyses (Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic trees, Median-joining network) revealed eight Anatolian wild goat haplogroups. These haplogroups consisted of a common an-cestral lineage with 481-bp long (all over Anatolia) and a more recent lineage with 556 bp (only in Akseki, Mersin and Nunu Valley-Karaman). According to the results, it could be said that there are introgressive hy-brid populations in Nunu Valley, Karaman, as well as in the Akseki and Mersin Provinces. The findings also revealed that the morphological difference between the Nunu and camlica populations was due to different gene pools, which indicated the presence of introgression rather than phenotypic plasticity.Öğe Karyotypic studies of Meriones dahli Shidlovsky, 1962 (Rodentia: Muridae) from Turkey(Univ Florence Botany Inst, 2011) Baydemir, Nursel Asan; Demirbas, Yasin; Pamukoglu, Nahit; Albayrak, Irfan; Yagci, TubaIn this study, conventionally stained, C- and Ag-NOR banded karyotypes of Dahl's jird, Meriones dahli, were reported from Turkey. The species had a karyotype of 2n=50, NFa=74 and NF=78. The X and Y chromosomes were submetacentrics in all specimens examined. Blocks of constitutive heterochromatin were located in the pericentromeric areas of autosomes including the X and Y chromosomes. Interstitial C- bands are also detected in the long arms of one of the largest acrocentric pairs. Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were located at the telomeric regions of the short arms of three submetacentrics and two acrocentrics.Öğe Mitochondrial DNA control region variability of wild boar Sus scrofa with various external phenotypes in Turkey(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2016) Demirbas, Yasin; Ozkan Koca, Ayca; Pamukoglu, Nahit; Sert, Hakan; Suchentrunk, FranzThe wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) is distributed across most parts of Turkey, a major biogeographic crossroads connecting Southwest Asia and Southeast Europe. However, no information on genetic diversity and population structure of this species in Turkey is available. In this study, we report on mtDNA sequence variability and phylogenetic relationships among wild boars with variable external phenotypes from both its European (Turkish Thrace) and Asian (Anatolia) distributions in Turkey. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA D-loop sequences (413 bp) of 53 newly sequenced wild boars from different localities in Turkey and 432 wild boar sequences from various geographic origins downloaded from GenBank were performed to particularly compare the phylogeographic position of wild boars from the European part of the Turkish range with that of specimens from Anatolia and to explore a possible phylogeographic substructuring in Anatolia. Relatively high genetic diversity was found in the Turkish samples, with a total of 17 haplotypes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed partitioning of the currently found Turkish haplotypes into two haplogroups, which were, however, only partially concordant with the geographic origins of samples (central and southwestern Anatolia vs. Turkish Thrace and northeastern and southeastern Anatolia). A median-joining network grouped most Turkish haplotypes with those previously reported from the Near East, whereas the remaining two haplotypes were included in the European 1 haplogroup. The combined phylogenetic analysis of the currently obtained sequences and all sequences retrieved from GenBank supported the earlier findings of four major haplogroups. The present study will serve as a baseline for more comprehensive studies to understand phylogenetic relationships of wild boars in Turkey and the Near East.Öğe Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in Cricetulus migratorius (Pallas, 1773) and Meriones tristrami Thomas, 1892 (Mammalia: Rodentia) from Central Anatolia(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2010) Asan, Nursel; Albayrak, Irfan; Demirbas, Yasin; Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Toyran, Kubilay; Gozutok, SerdarThe distribution of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in Cricetulus migratorius and Meriones tristrami from Central Anatolia was determined. In the karyotype of Cricetulus migratorius the diploid number, fundamental number, and fundamental autosomal number are 22, 44, and 40, respectively. The diploid number, fundamental number, and fundamental autosomal number of Meriones tristrami are 72, 84, and 80, respectively. In Cricetulus migratorius, NORs occur in the telomeric regions of metacentric and subtelocentric autosome pairs. Furthermore, terminally located NORs in metacentric and acrocentric autosomes of Meriones tristrami are presented in this present paper.Öğe Purifying selection shaping the evolution of the Toll-like receptor 2 TIR domain in brown hares (Lepus europaeus) from Europe and the Middle East(SPRINGER, 2020) Stefanovic, Milomir; Djan, Mihajla; Velickovic, Nevena; Demirbas, Yasin; Paule, Ladislav; Gedeon, Csongor Istvan; Posautz, AnnikaToll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins of the innate immune system, composed of the ectodomain involved in pathogen recognition and the intracellular Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain important for downstream signal transduction. Here, we analyze the genetic variability of TIR nucleotide and amino-acid sequences of the TLR2 gene in 243 brown hares from Europe and the Middle East and tested for the presence of selection signals and spatial structuring. TLR2 TIR domain sequences were PCR amplified and sequenced, while genotyping was performed by phasing. Genetic diversity indices were calculated in DnaSP and Arlequin, while presence of selection signals was tested using MEGA and the Datamonkey web server. The presence of spatial patterns in TIR sequence distribution was tested by spatial Principal Component Analysis (sPCA) in adegenet. A total of 13 haplotypes were revealed with haplotype diversity of 0.424, and nucleotide diversity (pi) of 0.00138. Two spatial clusters were revealed: "Anatolia/Middle East" and "Europe". In Anatolia the two most prevalent amino-acid variants, A and B (the latter being the most ancestral) were maintained at similar frequencies; but in Europe a shift in genotype frequencies was observed as well as a higher number of nonsynonymous substitutions giving rise to novel amino-acid protein variants originating from the evolutionarily younger protein variant. Molecular diversity (haplotype and nucleotide diversity) indices were significantly higher in the "Anatolia/Middle East" cluster. A signal of purifying selection was detected acting on the TIR sequences.Öğe Spatial genetics of brown hares (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778) from Turkey: Different gene pool architecture on either side of the Bosphorus?(Elsevier Gmbh, 2019) Demirbas, Yasin; Albayrak, Irfan; Koca, Ayca Ozkan; Stefanovic, Milomir; Knauer, Felix; Suchentrunk, FranzWe determined allelic variation at eleven microsatellite loci to study the effect of the Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles on the population genetic architecture of brown hares, Lepus europaeus, from Anatolia and Turkish Thrace in the southeastern most Balkans. The latter region was connected with Anatolia during periods of the late Pleistocene and the early Holocene (until ca. 8000 y BP) enabling natural gene flow. Following a recent mitochondrial (mt) DNA-based phylogeographic model that suggested unidirectional ancient gene flow from Anatolia to the SE Balkans, we expected lower genetic diversity in hares from Turkish Thrace than Anatolia. The Turkish Thrace population might have been established only relatively recently as natural northwestward expansion of a long existing Anatolian population. Alternatively, it might have received late Pleistocene or Holocene gene flow by hares from eastern Europe from north of the Black Sea, even after the formation of the marine barrier. This might have produced a notable genetic distinction between the hares from either side of the Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles. We found significantly lower allelic richness in hares from Turkish Thrace than Anatolia, very little genetic admixture in the Turkish Thrace population, and only one allele at low frequency in Turkish Thrace that was not observed in Anatolian hares. On the contrary, many alleles of Anatolian hares were not recovered in hares from Turkish Thrace. Nevertheless, genetic divergence (Fst, Cavalli-Sforza & Edwards distances, AMOVA) between the hares from either side of the current marine barrier was low (Fst values <10%). All findings accord to our initial hypothesis that the hares from Turkish Thrace represent merely a somewhat genetically depleted version of the Anatolian hares. Seemingly, no strong drift has occurred in the Turkish Thrace population since the break-up of the Holocene landbridge, and there is no indication of gene flow from other regions in (eastern) Europe into the Turkish Thrace population. Spatial genetic approaches and standard population genetics (BAPS, GENELAND, STRUCTURE, F-statistics, Cavalli-Sforza & Edwards distances) indicated significant spatial genetic differentiation of hares across Anatolia, but also on a very low level. Overall, our results are concordant with the latest mtDNA based model of ancient gene flow in hares only from Anatolia to the southeastern Balkans across the Pleistocene and early Holocene landbridge; this implies that most or all of the Balkans have been colonized by hares exclusively originating eventually from Anatolia. (C) 2018 Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Saugetierkunde. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
