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    CA 72-4 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    (Wiley, 2010) Demirci, H.; Erdamar, H.; Karakoc, A.; Akturk, M.; Yilmaz, M.; Arslan, M.
    Objective: CA 72-4 is one of the blood group carbohydrate antigens which can be used as a tumour marker in ovarian, pancreatic and gastrointestinal carcinomas. It can also be elevated in various benign conditions including pancreatitis. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder related with the pancreas. In this study, we investigated CA 72-4 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and its relation to the metabolic status. Methods: Sixty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (female/male = 40/29) and 60 healthy subjects (female/male = 35/25) participated in this study. The levels of serum CA 72-4 were measured and faecal occult blood tests (following 3 days of white diet were obtained for three consecutive days) were performed in all patients. Patients had a pathological finding for any of these two parameters were further investigated with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, colonoscopy and computerised tomography. Results: The mean levels of CA 72-4 was 1.89 +/- 2.61 U/ml in the study group and 1.4 +/- 0.98 U/ml in the control group (p > 0.05). There was no association between CA 72-4 levels and age and sex of the patients, duration of diabetes, body mass index, biochemical indicators of metabolic control (the levels of HbA(1c), fasting and postprandial glucose, serum lipids), the presence of microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) or treatment modalities. Conclusions: Elevated levels of CA 72-4 in diabetic patients are not related to diabetes and it should be interpreted as evaluated in a non-diabetic patient.
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    Calpain 10 gene single-nucleotide 44 polymorphism may have an influence on clinical and metabolic features in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
    (Springer, 2009) Yilmaz, M.; Yurtcu, E.; Demirci, H.; Ergün, M. A.; Ersoy, R.; Karakoç, A.; Arslan, M.
    Aim: This study was designed in order to examine the relationship between Calpain 10 [single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 19,43,44,63] gene polymorphisms and clinical and hormonal characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Materials and methods: One hundred and seven patients with PCOS and 114 healthy subjects were included in this study. Serum levels of sex steroids were measured for each individual. Insulin resistance (IR) was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) methods. Insulin and glucose responses to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were analyzed by calculating the areas under the curve for insulin (AUCI) and glucose by the trapezoidal methods. We used PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism technique to examine Calpain 10 SNP 19, 43, 44, and 63 polymorphisms. Results: Allele distribution of Calpain 10 SNP 44 gene polymorphism was observed as significantly different between the groups. Calpain 10 SNP 44 TC genotype was found to be increased in PCOS subjects (69.15%) compared to the control subjects (50%). However, when compared to control subjects, patients with PCOS had similar Calpain 10 SNP 19, Calpain 10 SNP 43, and SNP 63 gene polymorphisms. When compared with normal Calpain 10 gene SNP 44 allele in PCOS subjects, subjects with PCOS having Calpain 10 gene SNP 44 allele polymorphism had higher free testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA-S, and fasting insulin levels. Also, PCOS women with Calpain 10 gene SNP 44 allele polymorphism had high Ferriman-Gallwey (F-G) score, acne, prevalence of menstrual disturbances, waist-hip ratio, HOMA-IR, AUCI levels and low QUICKI levels. Conclusion: The findings show that Calpain 10 gene SNP 44 allele polymorphism may have a role in PCOS pathogenesis. However, larger-scale studies are needed in this field.