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Öğe A Comparison of Various Vascularization-Perfusion Venous Nerve Grafts with Conventional Nerve Grafts in Rats(Thieme Medical Publ Inc, 2009) Vargel, İbrahim; Demirci, Mehmet; Erdem, Sevim; Fırat, Pınar; Sürücü, H. Selçuk; Tan, Ersin; Keçik, AbdullahPeripheral nerves with defective segments can only be repaired using nerve grafts. Among the various nerve graft options, the outcome of vascularized grafts has been shown to be better, especially when used in the hypovascular and scarred recipient bed. The purpose of this study was to compare the regeneration capacities of various types of venous nerve grafts in a rat model. Forty adult male Wistar albino rats were divided Into four groups. A 2-cm-long segment of femoral sheath was isolated from the surrounding tissue without disturbing the unity, of the femoral sheath contents. Four different nerve graft models were applied: flow-through venous, arterialized venous, prefabricated venous, and conventional nerve graft (control). All nerve grafts were closed with silicone sheets. These neurovascular segments were reopened in postoperative week 10 to determine the viability of the grafted nerves and to assess the degree of nerve healing. Histopathologic C examinations, morphometric analysis, and electrophysiological measurements were performed. The degree of nerve healing in the flow-through venous nerve grafts was similar to that observed in the arterialized nerve grafts. Prefabricated flow-through venous grafts were not as successful as flow-through Venous grafts or arterialized nerve grafts. All of the vascularized nerve grafts showed better results than the conventional nerve grafts.Öğe A Linear Programming Model for Latency Minimization and Fault Tolerance in Software Defined Network Controller Placement(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2022) İnağ, Yasin; Demirci, MehmetThis study proposes a mathematical model for the controller placement problem(CPP) in Software Defined Networks (SDN). For SDN networks, multiple controllers are often suitable, and the location of these controllers affects the network performance. In case the controller is at fault, the resilience and reliability of the network should be ensured. Therefore, the recommended model optimizes the number and location of the controller(s) in the network while controller(s) is at fault. The model aims to minimize the latency by considering the reliability and resilience of the network. The simulation results show that the average latency is slightly increased whilst providing network resilience. The proposed model can be used to integrate SDN into existing networks or plan a new SDN network.Öğe Broyler rasyonlarına orta zincirli yağ asitleri ilavesinin performans ve bazı kan parametreleri üzerine etkileri(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2018) Demirci, Mehmet; Başalan, MehmetBu çalışmada rasyona orta zincirli serbest yağ asitleri ilavesinin, broylerlerin büyüme performansları, bazı hematolojik ve serum biyokimyasal parametreleri ile göğüs eti yağ asidi profili üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, toplam 120 adet günlük erkek broyler civcivden (Ross 308) biri kontrol ve üçü deneme olmak üzere 30'ar bireyli 4 ana grup oluşturacak şekilde tesadüf blokları deneme deseni modelinde yürütülmüştür. Her bir ana grupta 10'ar civcivli üçer alt gruba pay edilmiştir. Temel (bazal) rasyon mısır, soya, buğday endüstrisi yanürünleri ve bitkisel karma yağ içerikli olup kontrol grubuna katkısız şekli ile, deneme gruplarına ise bazal rasyona % 0.2 oranında orta zincirli yağ asitlerinden kaprilik (C8:0), kaprik (C10:0) ve laurik (C12:0) asitlerin ilavesi ile 42 gün boyunca verilmiştir. Çalışmada, grupların büyüme performans parametreleri olan toplam yem tüketimi, yemden yararlanma oranı, canlı ağırlık artışı ile ortalama canlı ağırlık, sıcak-soğuk karkas verimi ve randımanı verileri yönünden gruplar arasında anlamlı bir farklılığın oluşmadığı (p>0.05) belirlenmiştir. En düşük ölüm oranları C8 ve C10 gruplarında görülmüştür (p<0.05). İç organlardan karaciğer, safra kesesi, kalp, dalak, pankreas, bursa Fabricius, taşlık, abdominal yağ ağırlıkları ve bunların canlı ağırlığa oranları arasında gruplarda anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmamıştır (p>0.05). Kan parametrelerinden alyuvar (RBC), akyuvar (WBC), hematokrit (HCT), ortalama alyuvar hacmi (MCV), ortalama alyuvar hemoglobini (MCH) ve ortalama alyuvar hemoglobin konsantrasyonu (MCHC) değerleri yönü ile gruplar arasında anlamlı bir farklılığın oluşmadığı (p>0.05) ancak hemoglobin değeri yönü ile C8 grubunun diğer gruplardan daha yüksek sonuçlandığı (p<0.05) belirlenmiştir. Serum biyokimyası parametrelerinden glikoz, total protein, albumin, lipaz, total kolesterol, yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein (HDL) ve düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (LDL) değerleri yönü ile deneme grupları arasında anlamlı bir farklılığa rastlanmamış (p>0.05) ancak trigliserit değerinin deneme gruplarında anlamlı derecede düşük sonuçlandığı (p<0.05) tespit edilmiştir. Grupların göğüs eti yağ asidi profillerinin de genel olarak benzer olduğu (p>0.05) saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, broyler rasyonlarına % 0.2 oranında serbest kaprilik, kaprik veya laurik asitlerden birinin katılmasının genel itibarı ile gruplar arasında -bazı kan parametreleri ve yağ asidi tipleri dışında- özgün etkiler ve belirgin farklılıklar oluşturmadığı anlaşılmış, ancak olumsuz bir etkileri ile de karşılaşılmamıştır. Çalışılan bu yağ asitlerinin özgün etkilerinin ve incelenen parametreler yönüyle de gruplar arası muhtemel istatistiksel farklılıkların net olarak ortaya konulabilmesi için değişken katkı oranları ile çalışılması anlamlı olabilecektir.Öğe Determination of yield nutrient contents and in vitro digestibility of some triticale varieties harvested at different maturity stages(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2024) Evci, Şevket; Kara, Kamil; Demirci, MehmetThe aim of this study was to determine the contribution of growth performance, nutrient content, and digestibility of different triticale varieties to ruminant diets and to indirectly assist farmers in feed production. The experiment utilized five triticale varieties. The study was designed as a randomized complete block design with split plots and three replications. The digestibility values were determined in vitro after 48 h of incubation using an Ankom Daisy II incubator. Rumen liquid was obtained from dairy cows slaughtered at the Ye & scedil;il Vadi Meat Integrated Facility. Nutrient values, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and yield traits of forages were measured. The highest levels of dry matter and organic matter were observed during the physiological maturity stage, followed by the dough and milk development stages (p < 0.05). The DM values in the milk, dough, and physiological maturity stages were 43.11%, 61.94%, and 91.41%, respectively (p < 0.05). The triticale varieties had the highest crude protein (CP) values during the milk development stage and the lowest values during the physiological maturity stage (p < 0.05). The highest dry matter digestibility (DMD) rates were observed in the physiological maturity stage across all varieties. The DMD rates for triticale varieties Alperbey, Tatl & imath;cak 97, Karma 2000, & Uuml;mranhan & imath;m, and Mikham 2002 were 84.74%, 86.55%, 84.19%, 86.20%, and 85.10%, respectively. No significant differences in the amount of phytic acid content were found among the triticale varieties used in the study (p > 0.05). Therefore, it is believed that triticale varieties can provide highly digestible forage and grain feed for ruminants if the harvesting time is well managed.Öğe Effects of Different Starch Sources Used at High Levels in Cattle on Ruminal Fermentation Properties and Some Blood Parameters(2024) Demirci, Mehmet; Karslı, Mehmet Akif; Şenyüz, Hasan Hüseyin; Tunç, Arzu ErolIn this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of different starch sources on ruminal fermentation and in situ digestibility characteristics and some blood parameters in cows. In the study, three different total mixed rations (TMR) with similar energy, protein and starch contents were prepared and these TMR’s formed the groups of the ex- periment. The main starch sources of the TMR’s were from the barley, wheat, and corn grains, respectively. The study was carried out as two consecutive trails using 3 non-lactating Holstein female cattle with rumen cannulate within a 3 × 3 Latin square trial design. These TMRs were fed at ad libitum and then nutrient intakes, ruminal fermentation (pH, acetic, propionic, butyric, and lactic acids), some serum (urea, glucose, total protein, albumin, triglyceride) and blood gas parameters ($pH, pCO_2, pO_2, HCO_3^-$, Na+, K+, Ca++, Cl-, anion gap, lactate) were determined. Also, in situ dry matter and starch degradability were carried out in these animals. Nutrient intakes of cows fed different TMRs were similar (P>0.05), except neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake (P<0.05). Both ruminal fermentation, serum and blood gas pa- rameters did not change among treatment groups (P>0.05). As a result, it was determined that there were no serious changes in the ruminal fluid, serum, and blood gas parameter values of the subjects due to the content difference of the trial TMR’s. On the other hand, it was determined that in situ dry matter (DM) and starch degradability of barley and wheat were significantly different among cereal grains, ruminal DM and starch degradability of corn followed a slower, stable, and gradual increase.Öğe Effects of free capric acid, lauric acid, and coconut oil supplementation on performance, carcass, and some blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens(2023) Demirci, Mehmet; Evci, Şevket; Karslı, Mehmet Akif; Şenol, AliIn this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of the addition of free capric (decanoic, C10:0) and lauric (dodecanoic, C12:0) acids and coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil to the broiler diets on performance, carcass yield, internal organ weights and some blood parameters. A total of 144 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in the study, and four main groups were formed with four subgroups containing equal number of chicks. The control (C) group was fed with basal diet without any supplementation and the experimental groups were fed with 0.4% free capric acid (CA)-, lauric acid (LA)-, and coconut oil (CO)-supplemented basal diets and feeding was continued for 42 days. At the end of the process, the total average live weight (LW) of C, CA, LA, and CO groups reached 3048.63, 3009.88, 3052.13, and 3060.71 g, respectively. Moreover, average live weight gains (LWG) of groups were 3004.34, 2965.53, 3007.84, and 3015.82 g; average feed intakes (FI) were 4427.34, 4405.15, 4353.89, and 4375.54 g, and feed efficiency (FE) were 1.48, 1.50, 1.46, and 1.46. Average LW, LWG, FI, and FE values were similar at the end of the experiment (p > 0.05). From the carcass parameters, relative carcass rates and also carcass, bursa of Fabricius, pancreas, spleen, and gizzard weights were similar between the groups (p > 0.05). However, there were statistically significant changes in heart and liver weights between the groups; they were the lowest in the CA group and the highest in the LA group. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of serum biochemical parameters (p > 0.05). However, there were significant differences between the groups in terms of serum CK, Ca, and P values, and these values were the highest in the group fed with coconut oil. In conclusion, it is possible to state that the use of free capric acid, lauric acid, and coconut oil at the rate of 0.4% did not cause any significant difference in broiler performance, carcass, and serum biochemical parameters, but also no adverse effects were observed. It has been shown that feeding with coconut oil can significantly increase dissolved calcium and phosphorus in serum and affect their metabolism in the body and can also be an important antioxidant food additive for broiler with its effect of increasing the total antioxidant status (TAS) value.Öğe Effects of High-Fructose Corn Syrup Addition to Broiler Diets on Performance, Carcass Yield, Visceral Weights, Gut pH and Some Blood Parameters(Wiley, 2024) Sen, Gokhan; Demirci, Mehmet; Evci, Sevket; Senol, Ali; Karsli, Mehmet AkifBackground: This study hypothesizes that using different amounts of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in broiler diets may improve performance. ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the effects of HFCS added to broiler diets on performance, cecum pH and some biochemical parameters. Methods: A total of 120 Ross 308 chicks at the age of 0 day were divided into three main groups with four subgroups each. The groups consisted of a control (CON), low-HFCS and high-HFCS groups. The CON group received a diet containing no HFCS, the low-HFCS diet contained 50 mg/kg HFCS, and the high-HFCS diet contained 100 mg/kg HFCS. Body weight gain, feed consumption, carcass weight, visceral weight and cecum pH values were examined as performance parameters. Blood samples were taken at the end of the experiment and used to spectrophotometrically determine triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-CHO), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-CHO), glucose (GLU), creatinine (CRE), uric acid and insulin concentrations, as well as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities and oxidative stress markers. Proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured using ELISA test kits. Results: Feed consumption and body weight gain of the high-HFCS group decreased (p < 0.01). The feed conversion rate was negatively affected in both HFCS groups compared to the CON group (p < 0.01). The carcass yields of the groups linearly decreased with the increase of HFCS (p < 0.001). Serum LDL cholesterol (p < 0.05) and GLU (p < 0.01) levels were significantly lower in the HFCS groups than the CON. Serum CRE levels were higher in the low-HFCS group compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). The oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were lower in the low-HFCS group than the CON group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The addition of 100 mg/kg HFCS to broiler diets negatively affected performance parameters, but HFCS supplementation positively affected biochemical parameters. In particular, low-HFCS supplementation decreased the OSI, indicating that it could possibly reduce oxidative stress. Accordingly, HFCS could be added to broiler diets at a level of 50 mg/kg.Öğe Effects of medium-chain free fatty acids on performance, some biochemical parameters and meat fatty acids profile of broiler chickens(Chulalongkorn Univ, 2021) Demirci, Mehmet; Basalan, MehmetIn this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of the addition of caprylic (octanoic, C8:0), capric (decanoic, C10:0) and lauric (dodecanoic, C12:0) acids from medium-chain free fatty acids to broiler diets. A total of 120 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used and the study was conducted on 4 main groups of broilers; one control and three trials. The birds in the control group was fed an unadulterated basal diet and those in the experimental groups were fed with 0.2% of caprylic, capric and lauric acids (in addition to a basal diet) respectively. In the study, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of mean live weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion rate, serum glucose, total cholesterol, total protein and albumin (P>0.05). However, the triglyceride levels were detected to be significantly lower in the experimental groups (P<0.05) than control group. Seventeen different types of fatty acids were determined and were profiled from breast meat samples and it was indicated that most of fatty acid types showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05) among the experimental groups. As a result, it was concluded that the addition of 0.2% of free caprylic, capric or lauric acids to broiler diets generally did not result in specific performance effects among the groups but significant differences occurred in the meat fatty acid profile. The most important changes were the increases of total n-3 levels and the decreases of total n-6 and n-6/n-3 levels, in fatty acid supplemented groups. It was also found that lauric acid was accumulated significantly in poultry meat. The data suggests that the use of medium-chain fatty acid in broiler rations may change poultry meat fat composition in a way that positively affects human health and also prolongs shelf life.Öğe Kanaryalarda Damızlık Seçimi ve Beslenme(2021) Mevliyaoğulları, Ercan; Demirci, Mehmet; Karslı, Mehmet AkifBu derlemenin amacı günümüzde hem ticari hem de hobi amaçlı yapılan evcil kanarya (Serinus canarius domes-ticus) üretimi ve beslenmesinde, yetiştiricilere damızlık seçimleri ve damızlıklarının beslenmesi ile ilgili pratik bilgiler sunmaktır. Kanarya yetiştiriciliğinde damızlık seçimi ve bu damızlıklardan optimum verimin alınabilmesi için uygun bes-leme yapılması oldukça önemlidir. Kanarya yetiştiriciliğinin günümüze kadar ağırlıklı olarak hobi amaçlı yapılıyor olması bu kuşlara yönelik bilimsel çalışmaların sınırlı kalmasına neden olmuştur. Bu yetiştiricilik alanında bilimsel temellere dayanan ciddi literatür bilgilerinin bulunmaması ve yetiştiricilik standartlarının oluşturulmamış olması dolayısı ile bu tür kuşların üretimlerinde günümüze kadar usta çırak ilişkileri ile edinilmiş bilgilerin harmanlanması neticesinde geleneksel yöntemler oluşmuş ve kanarya yetiştiriciliği alanında üreticiden üreticiye farklılık arz eden pratik uygulamaların görül-mesine neden olmuştur. Ancak gün geçtikçe insanların bu tip egzotik kuşlara olan ilgisi artmakta ve bu ilginin yansıma-sı olarak da kanarya yetiştiriciliği ile ilgili bilimsel çalışmalar ivme kazanmaktadır. Bu derlemede damızlık seçimi ve damızlıkların beslenmesinde bazı kritik konular ele alınmıştır.Öğe Oleik ve Linoleik Tip Aspir Tohumlarının (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Ruminant Beslemede Kullanımı ve Etkileri(2020) Demirci, MehmetBu derlemede oleik ve linoleik tip aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) tohumlarınınruminant beslemedeki kullanımı ve etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Aspir bitkisi,tohumundaki yağ içeriği ve kalitesi yönüyle alternatif-tamamlayıcı tıpta, gıda ve kimiendüstride kullanım potansiyeline sahip önemli bir tarım ürünüdür. Ayrıca, yeşil ot,silajı ve samanı olarak, olgunlaşma sonrası elde edilen tohumları ve tohum yanürünlerinin hayvan beslemede kullanım alanı bulması aspire bir yem bitkisi olmaözelliği de kazandırmaktadır. Son dönem çalışmalarında yem yağ asitleri profilinin,hayvanların verim ve vücut özellikleri ile hayvansal ürün ve insan sağlığı üzerindekiolumlu veya olumsuz yansımalarına dair araştırmaların artmış olması dikkat çekicidir.Aspir bitkisinin yağ oranı varyetelerine göre genel olarak %20-45 aralığındadeğişebilmektedir ve içeriklerindeki yağ asidi tipi baskınlığına bağlı olarak oleik(omega-9) ve linoleik (omega-6) tipleri vardır. Yapılan çalışmalar, tam yağlı aspirtohumu ile beslemenin hayvanların hem süt hem de et yağ asidi profillerindedeğişim oluşturabildiğini ve özellikle doymamış yağ asidi tiplerinin artış gösterdiği,ayrıca oleik tip aspir tohumu içeriği yüksek rasyonla beslemenin süt yağı oranını,linoleik tip aspir tohumu içeriği yüksek rasyonla beslemenin ise hayvansal ürünlerdekonjuge linoleik asit oranını artırdığı da belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bu sonuçlarneticesinde bu tür ürünleri tüketen insanların sağlıklarında olumlu gelişmeleringörülebileceği değerlendirilmektedir.Öğe Performance and Some Blood Biochemical Parameters of Broilers Fed Diets Containing(Gorgan Univ Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, 2024) Demirci, Mehmet; Evci, Sevket; Karsli, Mehmet Akif; Aydogan, IlkayThis study aimed to explore the impact of incorporating hemp seed oil (Cannabis sativa L.) at 1.5% and 3% levels in broiler diets on broiler performance, carcass yield, weights of some internal organs, and some blood parameters. In total, 132 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were utilized, with the control group (C) receiving a basal diet without supplementation. Experimental groups included 1.5% hemp seed oil (HOA) and 3% hemp seed oil (HOB) added to the basal diet. The 42-day experiment concluded with the total average live weight (LW) for control, HOA, and HOB groups reaching 2637.90, 2647.81, and 2665.68 g, respectively. Average live weight gains (LWG) were 2595.03, 2605.16, and 2622.54 g; average feed intake (FI) amounted to 4044.25, 3880.78, and 3900.36 g, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) values were 1.56, 1.50, and 1.49, respectively. While LW, LWG, and FI values did not differ significantly between groups (P > 0.05), the addition of hemp seed oil notably improved FCR (P < 0.05). Relative carcass rates and weights of carcass, heart, pancreas, and spleen were similar across groups (P > 0.05). However, liver weight was lowest in the HOA group, and the bursa of Fabricius weight was lowest in the C group (P < 0.05). No statistical differences were observed in serum glucose, albumin, triglyceride, and total cholesterol parameters among groups (P > 0.05). Total protein, HDL-c, nonHDL-c, LDL-c, TAC, and TOC values were significantly influenced by hemp seed oil (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the data suggest that adding up to 3% hemp seed oil to broiler diets can have notable effects on feed conversion ratio and serum biochemical parameters, offering critical health benefits, particularly in improving serum lipid profiles. However, the antioxidant properties of hemp seed oil were found to be weak.Öğe Predicting the Turkish Stock Market BIST 30 Index using Deep Learning(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2019) Raşo, Halil; Demirci, MehmetThe non-linearity and high change rates of stockmarket index prices make prediction a challenging problem for traders and datascientists. Data modeling and machine learning have been extensively utilizedfor proposing solutions to this difficult problem. In recent years, deeplearning has proved itself in solving such complex problems. In this paper, we tacklethe problem of forecasting the Turkish Stock Market BIST 30 indexmovements and prices. We propose a deep learning model fed withtechnical indicators and oscillators calculated from historical index pricedata. Experiments conducted by applying our model on a dataset gathered for aperiod of 27 months on www.investing.com demonstrate that our solutionoutperforms other similar proposals and attains good accuracy, achieving 0.0332,0.109, 0.09, 0.1069 and 0.2581 as mean squared error in predicting BIST 30index prices for the next five trading days. Based on these results, we arguethat using deep neural networks is advisable for stock market index prediction.Öğe The effect of microbial inoculants and molasses on quality and in vitro digestibility of silages prepared with different proportions of ryegrass and Hungarian vetch(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Sen, Gokhan; Erol, Taskin; Kara, Kamil; Demirci, Mehmet; Karsli, Mehmet AkifIn this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of microbial inoculants and molasses on the quality and in vitro digestibility of the silages ensiled from the cultivation of different proportions of ryegrass-Hungarian vetch mixtures grown in Central Anatolian conditions. For this purpose, 5% molasses and 10 g/ton (1.25 x 10(11) CFU/g) inoculant were added to silages of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) containing 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica L.), under laboratory conditions. The prepared silages were opened at the end of 60 days and their physical analysis, chemical contents, fermentation parameters, in vitro digestibilities using rumen inocula obtained from cannulated Holstein cow, and energy levels were determined. In the study, it was determined that the microbial inoculant increased the lactic acid level significantly (p < 0.05). In vitro digestibility of organic matter and energy values increased in silages containing 60% HV compared to other silages and with both additives (p < 0.05). The neutral detergent fiber levels increased in mixtures containing 40% and 60% Hungarian vetch (p < 0.05). The increase in the vetch ratio affected the external appearance of the silages negatively (p < 0.05), and the physical properties were adversely affected by the inoculant (p < 0.05). As a result, it was determined that Hungarian vetch can be mixed with ryegrass up to 80% with and without inoculant and molasses additive to obtain high-quality silage. But the highest digestibility values were obtained when Hungarian vetch was mixed at a 60% level. It would be more appropriate to prefer molasses to avoid undesired changes in physical properties.
