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Effects of State Support on Violent Non-State Actors: Support of the United States and the Case of Syrian Civil War as an Exemplar to Surrogate Warfare
(Hale Sivgin, 2021) Demirduzen, Sinan; OZEL Ozcan, Merve Suna
States give direct, indirect, formal, and informal aid to violent non-state actors. Historical foreign aid examples suggest that foreign aid to violent non-state actors are free from the development degree and ideology of the state and the region in general. This article initially examines how and to what degree states give foreign aids to these non-state actors. The second purpose of the article is to reveal the underlying reason behind the foreign aid to non-state actors. We suggest that most effective and tangible foreign aid to violent non-state actors are steming from the instrumental foreign policies of states. We will also examine the surrogate warfare as a method that paves the wave to such foreign aids. We utilized from case study method to test our theory in Syrian civil war in general and relationship between the US and PYD/YPG/SDG in general. Finally, we also explore the non-state actor dimension of the issue. Our aim here is to reveal the effects of foreign aids on violent non-state actors. We concluded that foreign aid might endanger the future of violent-nonstate actors, especially when there is a high dependency to such aids.