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    Evaluation of the Effect of Different Doses of Butaphosphan and Cyanocobalamin Combination in Dairy Cattle with Subclinical Ketosis
    (Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2017) Sahal, Mehmet; Deniz, Abdulkerim; Vural, Rifat; Kuplulu, Sukru; Polat, Ibrahim Mert; Colakoglu, Ekrem Cagatay; Ocak, Marion
    This study was conducted to assess the effects of different doses of butaphosphan-cyanocobalamin combination onbody condition score (BCS), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and reproductive parameters in cows with subclinical ketosis (SCK). Holstein-Friesen cows (n=544) were checked for BHBA concentration. Cows with SCK (n=53, BHBA ranging from 1.00 to 3.00 mmol/L) were assigned randomly to receive saline (C0, n= 18), 5 mL/100 kg BW (C5, n=18) or 10 mL/100 kg BW (C10, n=17) butaphosphan-cyanocobalamin combination. BHBA concentration was measured on d 0, 10, and 18 relative to treatment application. BCS was evaluated weekly until d 60 postpartum. For reproductive parameters cows were monitored until d 150 postpartum. The median reduction in blood BHBA concentrations was 28, 57, and 75% for C0, C5, and C10, respectively. NEFA and total bilirubin concentrations were significantly decreased in C10 group. The relative median change in BCS as compared to baseline was 17, 12, and 6% for C0, C5, and C10, respectively. Between d 15 and 25 postpartum uterine involution was completed in 44, 83, and 88% of cows in groups C0, C5, and C10, respectively. Interval from calving to first insemination in group C10 was shorter than control group. Overall pregnancy rate was not different among groups. In conclusion butaphosphan-cyanocobalamin combination decreased severity of hyperketonemia, stimulated uterine involution, shortened time to first insemination and increased pregnancy rate.
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    In-vivo efficacy of toltrazuril on experimentally induced Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in lambs: A novel strategy for prevention of human exposure to meat-borne toxoplasmosis
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2013) Kul, Oğuz; Yıldız, Kader; Öcal, Naci; Freyre, Alvaro; Deniz, Abdulkerim; Karahan, Siyami; Terzi, Osman Safa
    The aim of the present study was to investigate in vivo efficacy of toltrazuril on Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts following induction of chronic toxoplasmosis in 4-week-old lambs (n = 27) by inoculation of 1 x 105 T. gondii ME 49 strain oocysts (day 0). Beginning at the 15th day after inoculation, lambs in Group T20 and Group T40 were given toltrazuril orally 2 times, once every week (Baycox 5%, Bayer Animal Health) at a dose of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively. Positive control (PC) lambs were not given any therapy, and 2 clinically healthy non-infected lambs were used as negative controls (Group NC). Two out of 9 lambs in PC group (oocyst inoculated but non-treated) were killed on toltrazuril treatment days (day 15 and 22) to evaluate the tissue cyst presence in their muscles. On day 90, the remaining 25 lambs were necropsied, and samples from the brain and 11 different muscle groups were collected. The tissues were examined for the presence of tissue cysts by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, nested-PCR and percoll gradient centrifugation. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were screened by IFAT throughout the experiment. The increased T. gondii seropositivity beginning from the 15th day of inoculation remained steady at Day 45 and Day 90 in Groups PC while it was significantly lower at Day 90 in toltrazuril receiving groups. In toltrazuril treated groups, histopathological findings included degenerative changes in the cyst wall, complete macrophage invasion to the cysts, and reduction or removal of the cysts in to to. Four out of 9 lambs (44.4%) in both toltrazuril treated group (Group T20 and T40) did not contain tissue cyst in any examined tissues while all positive control animals had T. gondii tissue cysts at least in one muscle group. The toltrazuril treatment efficacy on the cyst presence was determined as 44.4%. The number of the cysts in the musculature was significantly different between non-treated and toltrazuril treated lambs (X-2 = 6.613; p = 0.037). For the total number of cysts, the positive control lambs had higher number of cysts compared to both toltrazuril treated lambs (T20 and T40) (X-2 = 5.629; p = 0.018 and X-2 = 5.629; p = 0.018, respectively) while there were no differences between Group T20 and Group T40 (X-2 = 0.000; p = 1.000). According to PCR results, the brain and M. semitendinosus were positive in all 7 control lambs while 12 out of 18 lambs were positive in toltrazuril treated lambs. In conclusion, the results are promising as the toltrazuril treated lambs had markedly less parasite counts compared to those of untreated lambs. Further research should be conducted to reveal if toltrazuril treatment in sheep could be used as a strategy to minimize the cyst exposure of humans through consumption of raw or undercooked mutton. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.