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    Gold and gold-palladium coated polypropylene grafts in a S-epidermidis wound infection model
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2006) Saygun, Oral; Ağalar, Canan; Aydınuraz, Kuzey; Ağalar, Fatih; Daphan, Çağatay; Saygun, Meral; Denkbaş, Emir Baki
    Background. The use of non-absorbable mesh grafts in both abdominal wall defects and inguinal hernias are impossible in the presence of contamination. This study was conducted for evaluation of the efficiencies of polypropylene mesh grafts coated with gold and palladium-gold. Materials and methods. Ten piece of 1 x 2 cm. of polypropylene mesh grafts were used in each group of naive, gold-coated, and palladium-gold-coated. The grafts were incubated in physiological saline buffered and 0.5 McFarland slime positive Staphylococcus epidermidis for 24 h. At intervals of 6,12,24,48, 72 h grafts were washed with saline and vortexed for 2 min in 2 ml of physiological saline. There were 100 mu l of samples of vortexed material incubated in blood agar and 24 h later, colony numbers were assessed. In the second part of study, the grafts were implanted below the musculoaponeurotic layer at inguinal. region of rats following the same procedure of incubation and washing. On the 8th day, the rats were examined for infection rate and their wound cultures were obtained. Results. The least amount of bacterial growth was detected in the samples obtained from gold-palladium coated grafts; whereas the highest rate of growth was found in samples of naive grafts. The superficial surgical site infection rate was 0% in gold-palladium coated, 30% in gold-coated and 100% in naive polypropylene group. The bacterial growth rate from wound cultures confirmed the superficial surgical site infection rates in all groups. Conclusion. Prosthetic graft infection with S. epidermidis can be prevented by coating the graft with gold-palladium or gold. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis colonization with fusidic acid-impregnated catheters
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2007) Ağalar, Canan; Kılıç, Dilek; Çeken, Sabahat; Özdoğan, Mehmet; Yasar, Erdem; Öztürk, Eylem; Denkbaş, Emir Baki
    The aim of this study was the preparation and characterization of fusidic acid-impregnated peripheral catheters. In the first part of the study, in vitro drug release studies were performed, and the effect of fusidic acid impregnation on adherence of slime positive Staphylococcus epidermidis to catheters was evaluated as in vitro studies. Fusidic acid-impregnated and naive catheters were incubated with 10(8) colony forming unit/mL (cfu/mL) slime positive S. epidermidis during the in vitro experiment. After incubation for 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, the number of colonies were determined in an aliquot and adhered to the catheter. During the in vivo experiment, contaminated naive and fusidic acid-impregnated catheters (n = 10 rats in both groups) were implanted subcutaneously in the back of the rats. Rats were killed at the end of the seventh day and catheters were removed. Microbiologic assessments from the explanted catheter segments were performed. Fusidic acid impregnation decreased the number of adherent bacteria to the catheters and the number of free bacteria within the liquid medium significantly. There were 3 positive catheter cultures out of 10 in rats implanted with fusidic acid-impregnated catheters, whereas all explanted catheters from naive group yielded bacterial growth. The mean cfu counts were significantly less in the fusidic acid-impregnated catheter group. In vitro release studies and antibacterial activity studies correlated well. Additionally, morphological evaluations by scanning electron microscopy showed that fewer bacteria were evident on the fusidic acid-impregnated catheters compared with naive catheters. As a conclusion, catheter impregnation with fusidic acid is effective in preventing colonization in these in vitro and in vivo sets of experiments, with slime-producing S. epidermidis.