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Öğe An ethnobotanical review on medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family in Turkey(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Selvi, Selami; Polat, Ridvan; Cakilcioglu, Ugur; Celep, Ferhat; Dirmenci, Tuncay; Ertug, Zafer FusonMedicinal plants have been used by humans for the treatment of various diseases for thousands of years from past to present. Members of the Lamiaceae family are among the most preferred medicinal plants due to the wide variety of secondary components they contain, particularly essential oils. In this review, Master's and PhD theses and books based on ethnobotanical studies investigated between 1960 and 2021 as well as internationally recognized databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, SciFinder, Springer and Elsevier) were used to determine the medicinal uses of Lamiaceae taxa among the people in Turkey. As a result of the study, it was found that a total of 221 taxa (192 species) belonging to 29 genera, 51 of which are endemic, have medicinal/therapeutic uses. The local names of these taxa, the usage which are used among the people, the diseases in which they are used, and the geographical regions given in the present study. The genera of taxa most commonly used for medicinal purposes by the local people are Salvia (37 taxa), Sideritis (25 taxa), Stachys (22 taxa), Thymus (16 taxa) and Origanum (13 taxa). It was observed that the most frequently used two methods while preparing these plants for use was infusion (61%), and decoction (24%). Studies conducted on National (TURK, BHP), Regional (EU) and International Pharmacopoeias (WHO) and various monographs (AHP, COMISSION E, EMA, ESCOP, PDR) have revealed that there are 29 taxa included in these pharmacopoeias and monographs whose purpose of use are similar to the diseases that local people are trying to treat. Diseases that people use plants for therapeutic purposes are grouped into 12 categories. It was determined that these plants were widely used for therapeutic purposes in gastric disorders as well as otolaryngology and respiratory system diseases. This review briefly discusses whether some taxa commonly used by the local people in the treatment of diseases can be useful in the treatment of the disease in question, in the light of scientific studies.Öğe Contributions to Ziziphora clinopodioides (Lamiaceae) in Turkey and Iraq(Magnolia Press, 2023) Dirmenci, Tuncay; Haloob, Ali; Celep, Ferhat; Ghazanfar, Shahina A.While revising the genus Ziziphora for the Flora of Iraq and Turkey, we recognise seven subspecies for Z. clinopodioides. An identification key to these subspecific taxa is presented. A new subspecies, Z. clinopodioides subsp. brevistamina, is described and Ziziphora brantii is given a new subspecific status as Z. clinopodioides subsp. brantii. We have selected lectotypes for the subspecies brantii, kurdica, rigida and ronnigeri of Z. clinopodioides. Besides, Z. clinopodioides subsp. filicaulis is recorded for the first time for the Flora of Turkey.Öğe East Asian-North American disjunctions and phylogenetic relationships within subtribe Nepetinae (Lamiaceae)(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2023) Rose, Jeffrey P.; Wiese, Joshua; Pauley, Nicole; Dirmenci, Tuncay; Celep, Ferhat; Xiang, Chun-Lei; Drew, Bryan T.Biogeographic disjunctions, including intercontinental disjunctions, are frequent across plant lineages and have been of considerable interest to biologists for centuries. Their study has been reinvigorated by molecular dating and associated comparative methods. One of the classic disjunction patterns is that between Eastern Asia and North America. It has been speculated that this pattern is the result of vicariance following the sundering of a widespread Acrto-Teritary flora. Subtribe Nepetinae in the mint family (Lamiaceae) is noteworthy because it contains three genera with this disjunction pattern: Agastache, Dracocephalum, and Meehania. These disjunctions are ostensibly the result of three separate events, allowing for concurrent testing of the tempo, origin, and type of each biogeographic event. Using four plastid and four nuclear markers, we estimated divergence times and analyzed the historical biogeography of Nepetinae, including comprehensive sampling of all major clades for the first time. We recover a well-supported and largely congruent phylogeny of Nepetinae between genomic compartments, although several cases of cyto-nuclear discordance are evident. We demonstrate that the three disjunctions are pseudo-congruent, with unidirectional movement from East Asia at slightly staggered times during the late Miocene and early Pliocene. With the possible exception of Meehania, we find that vicariance is likely the underlying driver of these disjunctions. The biogeographic history of Meehania in North America may be best explained by long-distance dispersal, but a more complete picture awaits deeper sampling of the nuclear genome and more advanced biogeographical models.Öğe Phylogeny, biogeography and character evolution of origanum L. (Lamiaceae)(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2021) Celep, Ferhat; Özcan, Taner; Rose, Jeffrey P.; Yazici, Türker; Dirmenci, TuncayOriganum L. (Lamiaceae) comprises perennial herbs with medicinal and culinary uses and is largely confined to the Mediterranean Basin. Despite the economic importance of this genus, phylogenetic relationships and species boundaries are unclear and insufficiently studied. We sequenced the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA region from 40 Origanum taxa and 32 outgroup specimens. Using this data, we tested sectional and species relationships in Origanum together with molecular dating, biogeographical and character evolution analysis. Molecular results shown that Origanum is a monophyletic genus, however sections of the genus proposed by morphological data are not monophyletic. Thymus L. is sister to Origanum (PP = 1), and the two genera diverged 5.14-6.5 mya. Origanum diversified during the Pliocene, 3.05-5.33 mya. Biogeographic analysis shows and Eastern Mediterranean region is the center of diversity and origin of the genus. In addition, we reconstructed the evolution of four morphological characters which have been used as diagnostic characters in previous infrageneric classifications of Origanum. © 2022 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.Öğe Revision of Clinopodium (Lamiaceae) in Iraq with a new species, Clinopodium dokanicum, and an identification key(Springer London Ltd, 2024) Dirmenci, Tuncay; Haloob, Ali; Celep, Ferhat; Ghazanfar, Shahina A.A revision of Clinopodium L. s.l., including species of Acinos Mill., Calamintha Mill. and Micromeria Benth. sect. Pseudomelissa Benth. which occur Iraq, recognises five species, one of which, C. dokanicum Dirmenci, is newly described and endemic to northern Iraq. An identification key and distribution map are provided, as well as updated nomenclature, descriptions, conservation assessments and taxonomic notes for each species; taking into account recent changes to the circumscription of Clinopodium.Öğe Revision of the genus Nepeta L. (Lamiaceae) in Iraq(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Dirmenci, Tuncay; Haloob, Ali; Çelep, Ferhat; Ghazanfar, Shahina A.This paper revises the genus Nepeta for the family Lamiaceae for the Flora of Iraq project. We describe a new species, Nepeta iraqensis, and four new records Nepeta congesta subsp. cryptantha, N. stricta, N. lamiifolia and N. iodantha for Iraq. Lectotypes for six taxa are selected and comments on complex species are given. In addition, two new synonyms are given here for the first time. In all, we describe with identification keys, 19 taxa, three of which are endemic to Iraq.
